Представлены обобщенные данные по максимальному слою осадков за дождь, сток от которого отводится на очистные сооружения с селитебных территорий и промышленных предприятий первой и второй групп. Приводятся основные закономерности распределения осадков по территории и их анализ. Доказана возможность использования трехпараметрического распределения Крицкого-Менкеля для определения слоя осадков с заданным периодом однократного превышения. Полученные зависимости слоя осадков от местоположения метеостанции можно использовать для предварительной предпроектной оценки слоя осадков, который необходимо будет направлять на очистные сооружения поверхностного стока. Для предприятий первой и второй групп при определении слоя осадков с заданным периодом однократного превышения не менее 0,14 года возможно использование трехпараметрического распределения Крицкого-Менкеля.Summarized data on the maximum depth of rainfall disposed to the facilities for the purification of surface runoff from residential and industrial areas of the first and second groups are presented. The basic regularities of the rainfall distribution over the territory and their analysis are given. The possibility of using the three-parameter Kritsky-Menkel distribution to determine the depth of precipitation with a given period of a single excess is proved. The obtained dependences of the depth of rainfall on the location of the weather station can be used for a preliminary pre-project evaluation of the depth of rainfall subject to the disposal to the surface runoff treatment facilities. For enterprises of the first and second groups using the three-parameter Kritsky-Menkel distribution is possible while determining the depth of rainfall with a given period of a single excess of at least 0.14 years.
Abstract. The qualitative composition of urban land surface run-off is liable to significant variations. To study surface run-off dynamics, to examine its behaviour and to discover reasons of these variations, it is relevant to use the mathematical apparatus technique of time series analysis. A seasonal decomposition procedure was applied to a temporary series of monthly dynamics with the annual frequency of seasonal variations in connection with a multiplicative model. The results of the quantitative chemical analysis of surface wastewater of the 22nd Partsjezd outlet in Samara for the period of 2004-2016 were used as basic data. As a result of the analysis, a seasonal pattern of variations in the composition of surface run-off in Samara was identified. Seasonal indices upon 15 waste-water quality indicators were defined. BOD (full), suspended materials, mineralization, chlorides, sulphates, ammonium-ion, nitrite-anion, nitrate-anion, phosphates (phosphorus), iron general, copper, zinc, aluminium, petroleum products, synthetic surfactants (anion-active). Based on the seasonal decomposition of the time series data, the contribution of trends, seasonal and accidental components of the variability of the surface run-off indicators was estimated.
The article assesses the influence of the initial data and the duration of observations on the calculated value of the sediment layer, which determines the performance of treatment facilities of surface runoff. At design of these constructions drain volume from a settlement rain is found. The error introduced by the grouping of initial data depending on the accepted gradation of intervals is determined. The daily layer of precipitation from low-intensity frequent rains with a period of a single excess of the calculated intensity of 0.05-0.1 years was determined (for the conditions of Samara). Recommendations on the choice of initial data in the design are given.
The research reveals test results of physical and mechanical properties of filtration materials of natural origin (that is of crushed expanded-clay aggregate with 525 and 555 kg/m3 bulk density and “Diamix AQUA” with 670 kg/m3 bulk density). The raw materials for the production of expanded-clay aggregate are easily expansive clays containing such oxides as SiO2 (up to 60 %), Al2O3 (up to 20 %), Fe2O3 (from 4 to 20 %). “Diamix AQUA” is a material obtained on the basis of natural diatomite which contains exoskeletons of diatoms. The content of oxides in “Diamix AQUA” is as follows: SiO2 – no less than 83%, Al2O3 – no more than 6%, Fe2O3 – no more than 3.5 %. There are certificates of state registration for both types of filtration materials. The research results of the new filtration material “Diamix AQUA” used as a filter bed showed its acceptable physical and mechanical properties. “Diamix AQUA” regenerating requires an increased wash-water rate. Such filter media can be applied to newly constructed filtration facilities. When using “Diamix AQUA” in existing filter beds, it is necessary to check the capacity of the drainage and distribution system.
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