Представлены обобщенные данные по максимальному слою осадков за дождь, сток от которого отводится на очистные сооружения с селитебных территорий и промышленных предприятий первой и второй групп. Приводятся основные закономерности распределения осадков по территории и их анализ. Доказана возможность использования трехпараметрического распределения Крицкого-Менкеля для определения слоя осадков с заданным периодом однократного превышения. Полученные зависимости слоя осадков от местоположения метеостанции можно использовать для предварительной предпроектной оценки слоя осадков, который необходимо будет направлять на очистные сооружения поверхностного стока. Для предприятий первой и второй групп при определении слоя осадков с заданным периодом однократного превышения не менее 0,14 года возможно использование трехпараметрического распределения Крицкого-Менкеля.Summarized data on the maximum depth of rainfall disposed to the facilities for the purification of surface runoff from residential and industrial areas of the first and second groups are presented. The basic regularities of the rainfall distribution over the territory and their analysis are given. The possibility of using the three-parameter Kritsky-Menkel distribution to determine the depth of precipitation with a given period of a single excess is proved. The obtained dependences of the depth of rainfall on the location of the weather station can be used for a preliminary pre-project evaluation of the depth of rainfall subject to the disposal to the surface runoff treatment facilities. For enterprises of the first and second groups using the three-parameter Kritsky-Menkel distribution is possible while determining the depth of rainfall with a given period of a single excess of at least 0.14 years.
Abstract. The qualitative composition of urban land surface run-off is liable to significant variations. To study surface run-off dynamics, to examine its behaviour and to discover reasons of these variations, it is relevant to use the mathematical apparatus technique of time series analysis. A seasonal decomposition procedure was applied to a temporary series of monthly dynamics with the annual frequency of seasonal variations in connection with a multiplicative model. The results of the quantitative chemical analysis of surface wastewater of the 22nd Partsjezd outlet in Samara for the period of 2004-2016 were used as basic data. As a result of the analysis, a seasonal pattern of variations in the composition of surface run-off in Samara was identified. Seasonal indices upon 15 waste-water quality indicators were defined. BOD (full), suspended materials, mineralization, chlorides, sulphates, ammonium-ion, nitrite-anion, nitrate-anion, phosphates (phosphorus), iron general, copper, zinc, aluminium, petroleum products, synthetic surfactants (anion-active). Based on the seasonal decomposition of the time series data, the contribution of trends, seasonal and accidental components of the variability of the surface run-off indicators was estimated.
The article assesses the influence of the initial data and the duration of observations on the calculated value of the sediment layer, which determines the performance of treatment facilities of surface runoff. At design of these constructions drain volume from a settlement rain is found. The error introduced by the grouping of initial data depending on the accepted gradation of intervals is determined. The daily layer of precipitation from low-intensity frequent rains with a period of a single excess of the calculated intensity of 0.05-0.1 years was determined (for the conditions of Samara). Recommendations on the choice of initial data in the design are given.
Summarized data is presented on the maximum rainfall layer, runoff from which should be completely diverted to treatment facilities (runoff from residential areas and industrial enterprises of the first group in the Russian Federation). The calculated values of the precipitation layer are obtained from observations at 238 weather stations located in the Russian Federation, which are necessary for calculating the performance of surface water treatment plants. The results can be used in the design in areas for which these weather stations are representative. The size of the precipitation layer, which ensures the discharge of at least 70% of the annual volume of runoff to sewage treatment plants, for the territory of the Russian Federation is in the range of 2.2–12.8 mm.
Data on the maximum layer of precipitation for rain, the drain from which is allocated to treatment facilities from the territories of industrial enterprises in the conditions of the Russian Federation, are presented. The results are analysed and summarized. The average layer of precipitation with a period of single excess equal to 1 year according to 195 weather stations is determined. The average precipitation layer for the entire area under consideration was 27.8 mm, with a variation range of 12.3 to 72.0 mm. The obtained parameters are intended and can be used for design of surface runoff treatment facilities.
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