ResumenEstudio sobre la eficacia y utilidad de la solución salina hipertónica al 3% en la bronquiolitis aguda del lactante hospitalizado Objective: to study the utility of nebulized 3% hypertonic saline solution (HSS) in hospitalized infants with acute bronchiolitis.Patients and methods: case-control studies accomplished on 639 patients of age less than 7 months old and hospitalized with the diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis, first episode, during 3 consecutive seasons in a pediatric department in Madrid. The patients who received 0.9% saline solution (FSS), with or without medication, during the 2 first seasons were considered the control group and the patients who received, the last season period, nebulized 3% hypertonic saline solution were considered the cases group. The days of hospitalization and the hours of oxygen therapy were used as the result measurement.Results: from the total of the studied children, 460 received 0.9% saline solution and 179 received 3% hypertonic saline solution. In the group receiving FSS the average stay in hospital was 5.16 days (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 4.78-5.56) and the average time of oxygen therapy was 57.34 hours (95% CI 52.93-61.75) opposite to 4.90 days (95% CI 4.64-5.07) and 67.53 hours (95% CI 60.36-74.69) respectively in the group that received HSS. There was no significant difference between the groups. The patients who received FSS and were positive for VRS and also patients less than 3 months old, showed a significant reduction in the oxygen therapy hours (p= 0.004 and p= 0.007 respectively).Conclusions: results show that 3% hypertonic saline solution has not been effective in reducing hospital stay or length of oxygen therapy in patients with acute bronchiolitis; but nebulized 0,9% saline solution in children with age <3 months and positive study of respiratory syncitial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirate showed a reduced need of hours of oxygen.Objetivo: estudiar la utilidad de la solución salina hipertónica (SSH) al 3% inhalada en el tratamiento de la bronquiolitis aguda (BA) del lactante hospitalizado.Pacientes y métodos: estudio de casos y controles realizado con 639 pacientes de edad inferior a siete meses e ingresados con diagnóstico de BA, primer episodio, durante tres periodos estacionales consecutivos, en la sección de lactantes de un hospital pediátrico de Madrid (España). Los pacientes que recibieron como tratamiento, durante los dos primeros periodos estacionales, suero salino fisiológico (SSF) inhalado con o sin medicación se consideraron el grupo control y los pacientes que recibieron, durante el tercer periodo estacional, suero salino hipertónico al 3% inhalado con o sin medicación se consideraron como casos. Los días de hospitalización y las horas de oxigenoterapia fueron utilizados como medidas de resultado.Resultados: de la totalidad de los niños estudiados, 460 recibieron SSF inhalado, y 179 recibieron SSH al 3%. En el grupo que recibió SSF, la estancia media en el hospital fue de 5,16 días (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%]:...
Factores de riesgo de complicaciones y duración del ingreso hospitalario en pacientes con tos ferinaObjetivo: analizar a los niños ingresados con el diagnóstico de tos ferina en nuestro centro en el periodo estudiado y la relación de su evolución con diferentes datos clínicos, analíticos y/o epidemiológicos.Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes ingresados en nuestro centro con diagnóstico de tos ferina en el periodo 2008-2011. Se incluyen en el estudio los casos que cumplen los criterios establecidos por los Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Resultados: ese estudian 85 pacientes (54,8% niñas) con una edad media de 2,04 meses. El tiempo medio de ingreso hospitalario fue de 7,44 días. Se encontró relación en la regresión lineal múltiple entre la duración del ingreso con el porcentaje de cayados (p=0,006), proteína C reactiva (PrCR) (p=0,001), saturación de oxígeno al ingreso (p=0,019), apnea (p<0,001) y cianosis (p=0,007). La tasa de ingresos aumentó progresivamente desde el año 2008.Objective: to analyze those children admitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of pertussis during the studied period and the relationship of outcomes with different clinical, analytical and/or epidemiologic data.Material and methods: retrospective study of those patients admitted to hospital with the diagnosis of pertussis in the period 2008-2011. Those cases included accomplish the criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Results: 85 patients (54.8% female), with a medium age of 2.04 months, are studied. Mean time of stay at hospital was of 7.44 days. We found relationship in the multiple lineal regression between the length of stay and the percentage of immature neutrophils (p=0.006), Protein C-reactive (PrCR; p=0.001), oxygen saturation at admission to hospital (p=0.019), apnea (p<0.001) and cyanosis (p=0.007). Rate of admissions to hospital was progressively higher since 2008.We have also found an association between the presence of complications and the percentage of immature neutrophils (p=0.026), saturation of oxygen at admission (p=0.001), not having received any dose of vaccine (p=0.007), oxygen (p=0.001), cold symptoms (p=0.017), apnea (p<0.001), cyanosis (p=0.05) and co-infection with viruses (adenovirus and/or VRS; p=0.044).Two patients died (lethality: 2.4%). We found relationship in the logistic regression between the mortality and the number of leucocytes (p=0.016), neutrophils (p=0.016), lymphocytes (p=0.016), immature neutrophils (p=0.001), PrCR (p=0.039) and procalcitonin (p=0.023) at admission to hospital.Conclusions: the presence of apnea and cyanosis at the beginning of clinical symptoms, ant not having received any dose of DTPa vaccine, and higher levels of PrCR at admission to hospital can be considered risk factors of a higher length of stay at hospital.The higher percentage of immature neutrophils and level of procalcitonin, and a lower oxygen saturation at admission, not having received any dose of vaccine DTPa, the presence of cold symptoms, apnea...
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