As very large scale integration technology advances toward higher complexity and density, future generation computing and communications systems will operate at speeds of several hundred megahertz or even gigahertz. In many cases, the capability of the interconnections within these systems to support the required speeds and densities will be a formidable challenge. Multichip-module (MCM) technology is one approach to overcome some of the interconnection bottlenecks, but even such an advanced packaging system has limitations, especially for very high speed complex systems. Optical interconnections offer the potential for improved performance in terms of large bandwidth, noise and crosstalk immunity, lower power dissipation, and large fan-out capability. We discuss the use of optical interconnections within multichip modules. We consider three specific applications-input/output access to the MCM, global signal distribution, and chip-to-chip interconnects-and discuss both free-space and guided-wave implementations of optical interconnects.
In this paper we describe the innovative approach that Telecom Italia is adopting in order to identify new strategies for saving energy in the environmental systems. After presenting the guidelines of the Italian Operator in the matter, we concentrate on the solutions adopted to optimise the cooling systems within TLC rooms. In particular, the paper focuses on an energy simulator (SIMEN), that has been developed to provide Telecom Italia with a support tool, useful to evaluate and compare different cooling systems, and to help identifying the strategic solutions for energy saving. Furthermore, we present the results of the analyses we carried out on some TLC rooms of Telecom Italia, by using SIMEN.
The demand for energy-efficient cooling systems for use in telecommunications is rapidly increasing. After evaluating some of the alternatives to active cooling systems, we concentrated on the case of an outdoor cabinet and a cooling system based on heat exchanger. To begin with, the airflow in a telecommunications outdoor enclosure was calculated with the help of a CFD simulation, which allowed a performance to be predicted. After that the monthly energy consumption of active and heat exchanger systems was evaluated for three places, one in northern, one in central and one in southern Italy. The study showed that energy savings about 50% are possible to achieve by replacing active cooling systems with systems based on heat exchangers. Other benefits are that the climate system availability will be higher due to decreased number of moving parts and the initial investment is also lower for a heat exchanger system. The most onvironmental friendly kWh is a saved kWh. It is also important to remember that the heat exchanger solution does not require any use of Chloro Fluoroca rbons.
NomenclatureP heat dissipation w T temperature QC AT temperature difference eC
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