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Macroelectronic components combining different classes of devices often suffer from the high complexity and costs of the manufacturing processes. The printing of an active‐matrix sensor network using only five functional inks is demonstrated. The result is an all‐printed monolithically integrated touchless input interface, including ferroelectric sensor pixels, organic transistors for impedance matching, and an electrochromic display.

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Auger electron spectroscopy together with scanning electron microscopy has been used to study the interface between stainless-steel implants and human tissue. The thickness and nature of the oxide layer on the implants have been found to depend on the location of the implants in the body. Before implantation, the oxide layer is about 50 A thick, consisting mainly of chromium oxide. For implants located in cortical bone the thickness of the interfacial oxide layer remains unaffected, while it increases by a factor of three to four on samples located in bone marrow. In both these cases calcium and phosphorus are incorporated in the oxides. Implants located in soft tissue have an interfacial oxide layer with a thickness of about one and one-half times that on an unimplanted sample. On these samples, calcium and phosphorus are not found, but occasionally sulfur is found in the oxide layer. All these samples originated from the oral region of the body; the reason for this finding, however, is not known at present time. The interactions between the implants and human tissues resulting in the observed changes of the implant surfaces are discussed in terms of oxygen pressures and metabolic activity.

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The ability of producing ultrasonic transducers from screen-printing has been explored experimentally, through printing and characterization of a large number of transducers. In an all-printed test design, 124 transducers with four different electrode sizes ranging from 1 to 4.9 mm2, were printed layer-by-layer on a high performance polyethyleneimine polymer. Inks from ferroelectric and conductive polymers were applied to the active part of a transducer, to provide a good acoustical match between the individual layers. Ultrasonic characterizations of the transducers done by two independent methods provided a broad-banded frequency response with a maximum response around 100 MHz.