The removal of persistent dye pollutants from wastewater streams has drawn a lot of interest from the scienti c community because photocatalysis is the most widely used practical strategy for addressing environmental contamination. Transition-metal oxides are seen to be the most prospective catalysts for e cient and environmental friendly wastewater treatment because of their signi cant photocatalytic activity, excellent solubility, and durability. In this study, we describe the simple, eco-sustainable and cost effective synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their use as photocatalysts to break down organic dyes like Congo red (CR) and Malachite Green (MG) in aqueous media. In aqueous solution at ambient temperature, ZnO nanoparticles showed outstanding photocatalytic degradation e ciency of 98.9% for the MG dye and 92.8% for the CR dye. The kinetics of photodegradation were also investigated and followed a pseudo-rst-order mechanism, with rate constants of 0.0204 min − 1 MG and 0.0123 min − 1 for CR in accordance with the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Excellent recycling properties were displayed by ZnO nanoparticles for both dyes and the combined effects of their high adsorption capacity and photodegradation of organic dyes make them an extremely effective and affordable catalyst.
The design of materials for various biomedical applications is truly
challenging since it demands exceptional characteristics such as biocompatibility,
biodegradability, non-cytotoxicity, adequate strength, etc. Several strategies have been
developed for the synthesis of nanoparticles based on chemical methods. However, the
toxicity limits their applications in biological systems. So researchers are looking for
materials that can fulfill green criteria in the sense that they should be renewable,
harmless to human health, and environment friendly. Recently, the evolution of
nanomedicine led to explore the possibilities of different types of nanomaterials in
various applications. Nanoscale polymeric materials and polymer nanocomposites have
already proved their versatility in various biomedical applications. This chapter
presents a brief overview of the potential of biobased nanomaterials and nanofillers
such as metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, hydroxyapatite, nanotubes, graphene,
chitin whiskers, lignin, nano cellulose, etc. and their pros and cons when used in the
biomedical field. Bio-based polymers are promising candidates for the next generation
nanocomposite materials due to their multi-functionality, renewability, low toxicity and
excellent biocompatibility. The chapter begins with the state of the art including the
recent developments in the biomedical field and finally, the challenges and future
potential of various nanoparticles and polymer nanocomposites are also discussed.
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