RESUMO -O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos dos níveis de umidade na colheita e da temperatura de secagem do milho sobre sua composição química e valores de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para retenção de nitrogênio (EMAn) para frangos de corte. O milho foi colhido com 35; 25; 18; 15,3 e 14,3% de umidade e submetido à secagem a 100ºC; 70ºC e 40ºC de temperatura. Os valores de 15,3 e 14,3% de umidade de colheita do grão não foram submetidos à secagem, sendo o último valor referente ao tratamento que permaneceu na lavoura por 60 dias (milho pós-colheita). A composição química foi determinada segundo AOAC (1995) e a EMAn pelo método de coleta total de excretas, conforme descrito por Hill e Anderson (1958) e fórmulas de Matterson et al. (1965). Quando considerados os valores de EMAn expressos na matéria natural, verificaram-se diferenças significativas entre o milho sem secagem (15,3% de umidade) e os demais tratamentos. A diferença com o valor mais alto obtido de EMAn, nesse caso, foi de 11,8% (2864 vs 3247 kcal/kg). Isso se deve ao fato de o grão colhido com 15,3% de umidade ter atingido valores próximos a 24%, possivelmente devido a um processo de reidratação. Quando considerados os valores de EMAn com base na matéria seca, não houve diferenças entre os tratamentos. O valor nutritivo do milho colhido sob distintos níveis de umidade e submetido à secagem sob diferentes temperaturas permaneceu dentro dos valores padrão tabelados.Palavras-chave: composição química, energia metabolizável aparente corrigida, frangos de corte, milho, secagem, umidade Chemical and Energy Composition of Corn Harvested with Various Moisture Levels and Different Drying Temperatures to Broiler ChickensABSTRACT -The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of moisture levels at harvest and drying temperatures of corn on its chemical composition and apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) to broiler chickens. The corn was harvested with 35%, 25%, 18%, 15.3% and 14.3% of moisture and submitted to drying temperatures of 100, 70 and 40 ºC. The moisture levels of 15.3% and 14.3% of corn were not submitted to drying and the last value represented the treatment post-harvesting (60 days after the first harvest). The chemical composition was determined by AOAC (1995) and AMEn assay was carried out by total collection procedure as described by Hill and Anderson (1958) and methodology of Matterson et al. (1965). When the AMEn values were considered on as fed basis, significant differences occured between the treatment of corn no drying and the others. The mean AMEn value was 11.8% less in energy (2864kcal/kg) relative to the highest value (3247kcal/kg). This is due to grain humidity having reached 24% on that treatment caused by natural grain natural re-hydration. When the energy values of corn were changed to dry-matter basis, there were no differences among the treatments. There were no major changes in nutritive value of corn harvested with different moisture levels and...
-This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of oregano essential oil on the performance and on the occurrence of diarrhea in weanling pigs, as well as its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity evaluated in vitro. It was compared four treatments (diets): negative control; positive control, 0.5% ZnO (preventive diarrhea) + 0.05% zinc acitracin (growth promoter); or 0.003% of essential oil of oregano, combined or not with preventive of diarrhea.Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were evaluated from 27 (weaning) to 62 days of age of the animals, and the occurrence of diarrhea was evaluated on the first 14 days of the experiment. The positive control diet and the oregano oil + zinc oxide diet were the ones that provided the best zootechnical performance. The number of piglets with diarrhea, as well as the duration of diarrhea, were lower in animals fed positive control and oregano oil + zinc oxide diets. Oregano oil had in vitro bacteriostatic action on all the tested microorganisms and bactericidal action against four bacteria. The in vitro antioxidant activity of oregano oil was 98.88% through linoleic acid/β-carotene system methodology, and 174.17 mg/mL by the DPPH method, expressed as CE 50 . Oregano oil shows potent antioxidant effect and a strong antimicrobial activity, however, it does not improve the zootechnical performance neither it is efficient in preventing diarrhea in weanling pigs.
RESUMO -O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar as composições químicas e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo nitrogênio (EMAn) de 11 amostras de ingredientes para rações de aves, visando melhorar a qualidade das rações. A EMAn foi determinada em dois ensaios biológicos com pintos de corte dos 15 aos 23 dias de idade, em baterias metálicas, pelo método de coleta total de excretas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com sete tratamentos no primeiro e seis no segundo ensaio, e oito repetições de dez aves (cinco machos e cinco fêmeas) cada. As rações-teste foram compostas de 60% de uma dieta-referência (DR) contendo 22% de PB e 3.100 kcal kg -1 de EM e 40% do ingrediente a ser estudado. O período experimental foi de quatro dias de adaptação e cinco de coleta de excretas. Os valores da composição química e de EMAn determinados neste estudo são, em grande parte, diferentes dos da literatura nacional e estrangeira. O conhecimento da composição química e da EMAn de ingredientes brasileiros possibilitam formular rações mais precisas.Termos para indexação: nutrição, nutrientes, aminoácidos. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND METABOLIZABLE ENERGY FOR POULTRY FEEDSABSTRACT -The values of chemical composition and of apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen excretion (AMEn) of 11 ingredients used for feeding poultry were determined. The AMEn was determined through two biological essays with broilers from 15 to 23 days of age, housed in metabolic metal cage decks. The total excreta collection method was used. The experimental design was in totally randomized blocks, with seven and six treatments in essays one and two, respectively. Eight replications of ten birds (five males and five females) were used for treatments, in each essay. Experimental diets were composed of 60% of a reference diet with 22% of crude protein and 3,100 kcal kg -1 of metabolizable energy and 40% of the ingredient tested. The experimental period was of four days of adaptation and five days of excreta collection. Values of chemical composition and AMEn determined in this study showed important differences from those reported under Brazilian conditions and abroad. Knowledge of the chemical composition and of the AMEn of the Brazilian ingredients will make possible to formulate more precise ratios for feeding poultry.
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