Methods commonly used to determine the level of infestation of soil with zoosporangia of Synchytrium endobioticum are often laborious and call for complex equipment and costly and toxic chemicals. After comparative study of various existing methods, the authors propose a simple method based on centrifugation of soil residues in salt solutions of different density.
Aggressive pathotypes of Synchytn'um endobioticum have been detected in Ukraine since 1963, mainly in the mountainous western part of the country. Potato crops are regularly surveyed to detect possible outbreaks. It has been observed that the aggressive forms attack the above-ground parts of the potato plant, as well as the underground parts, and this can assist detection. Possible foci are investigated by planting a standard replicated test with a susceptible cultivar and a cultivar resistant to the common pathotype. The distribution of S. endobioricum in Ukraine is summarized. Outbreaks are particularly found in potato plots adjoining farm buildings.
Research Station on Plant Quarantine, V. Boyani, Novoselitsa District, Chemivtsy Region (Ukraine)The appearance of aggressive pathotypes of Synchytriurn endobioiicurn in the Carpathian area of Ukraine is reviewed. An analysis is made of the factors that favoured their appearance in this area. Possibilities for distinguishing the pathotypes by characters other than their behaviour on differential cultivars are considered.
The use of a internationally agreed standard differential set of potato cultivars to identify aggressive pathotypes of Synchyrrium endobidcum is reviewed. In recent years, many new cultivars and hybrids have been tested in Ukraine for their reaction to the Carpathian pathotypes (1 1.13, 18 and 22). Because of the specificity and stability of their reactions, and their availability, some of these potato cultivars are now recommended as part of a new differential set for use in Ukraine, especially with respect to the Carpathian pathotypes.
The development of potato wart testing at the Ukrainian Plant Quarantine Research Institute is reviewed from the first appearance of wart disease in the 1930s, through the period of breeding of cultivars with resistance to pathotype 1, to the detection of new aggressive pathotypes requiring further tests for multiple wart resistance, and finally to the operation of the Station in independent Ukraine. Wart testing in Ukraine involves two phases, preliminary laboratory testing (by standard methods) and official testing of cultivars in the field. The regulatory basis of wart testing in Ukraine is outlined. This includes testing of Ukrainian‐bred material and of material introduced, for research and breeding or for production, from other countries. The possibilities for breeding cultivars with multiple wart resistance are assessed.
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