The article considers the process of developing diagnostic mathematical models that take into account the influence of the hydraulic density of the plunger pair associated with wear. To estimate leaks of precision parts, methods for calculating the cycle feed for wear of plunger pairs are presented. The position of the cut-off edge relative to the hole changes due to the injection movement and rotation of the plunger during the regulation of the fuel cycle. The method and results of accelerated testing of plunger pairs are also presented.
This article discusses the prediction of the characteristics of the technical condition of machines and their effectiveness. The task of predicting the parameters of the changes the technical state of agricultural machinery during operation is to determine the numerical characteristics for future points in time. When choosing and justifying a mathematical model, it is necessary to take into account the physical nature of the phenomena that lead to a change in characteristics during operation. A model reflecting the rate of change of parameters is used to describe the processes. In forecasting, to increase the efficiency of the mathematical model, generalized physical laws are used that determine the process of changing the resource. Based on this model, it is possible to build a methodology for calculating the reliability. The set of process characteristics characterizes the change in parameters and makes it possible to predict torque functions during operation.
Óâåëè÷åíèå äîëè âîçîáíîâëÿåìûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ ýíåðãèè â êà÷åñòâå ìîòîðíîãî òîïëèâà àâòîòðàêòîðíîé òåõíèêè ñïîñîáíî ñóùåñòâåííî ïîâëèÿòü íà ýêîëîãè÷åñêóþ è ýíåðãåòè÷åñêóþ áåçîïàñíîñòü ïðè ýêñïëóàòàöèè òåõíèêè. Öåëüþ èññëåäîâàíèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ àíàëèç òåõíîëîãèé ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ âîçîáíîâëÿåìûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ ýíåðãèè äëÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ â êà÷åñòâå ìîòîðíîãî òîïëèâà. Ê ñûðüåâîé ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîé ñðåäå â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü îòíîñÿò óãëåâîäîðîäíûå ñîåäèíåíèÿ, ïðîöåññ òåðìîõèìè÷åñêîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ êîòîðûõ ñîïðîâîaeäàåòñÿ âûõîäîì ãëàâíîãî öåëåâîãî êîìïîíåíòà -âîäîðîäà. Ïðèñóòñòâèå âîäîðîäíîãî êîìïîíåíòà îáóñëàâëèâàåò óíèêàëüíûå êèíåòè÷åñêèå è ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå ïîêàçàòåëè ñãîðàíèÿ ìîòîðíîãî òîïëèâà, âûñîêóþ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ðàáî÷åãî öèêëà äâèãàòåëÿ. Ñëîaeíûå ýôèðû ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïðîèçâîäíûìè îðãàíè÷åñêèõ èëè íåîðãàíè÷åñêèõ êèñëîò è ñïèðòîâ; ñîäåðaeàòñÿ ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì â ýôèðíûõ ìàñëàõ è ñîñòàâëÿþò îñíîâíóþ ÷àñòü ðàñòèòåëüíûõ è aeèâîòíûõ ìàñåë.  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ â êà÷åñòâå îäíîãî èç íàèáîëåå ïåðñïåêòèâíûõ òîïëèâ äëÿ äèçåëåé ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ äèìåòèëîâûé ýôèð.  ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì ïðè ïåðåâîäå äèçåëåé íà ýôèðû íå òðåáóåòñÿ ñïåöèàëüíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî ïðèíóäèòåëüíîìó âîñïëàìåíåíèþ ãîðþ÷åé ñìåñè. Åñëè ðàññìàòðèâàòü ñûðüåâîå ïðîèñõîaeäåíèå è çàòðàòû íà ïðîèçâîäñòâî äèìåòèëîâîãî ýôèðà, òî îí ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàèáîëåå ïåðñïåêòèâíûì ìîòîðíûì òîïëèâîì. Ïîëîaeèòåëüíûì ñâîéñòâîì ðàñòèòåëüíûõ ìàñåë ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñïîñîáíîñòü ñìåøèâàòüñÿ â ëþáûõ ïðîïîðöèÿõ ñ áåíçèíîì, êåðîñèíîì è äèçåëüíûì òîïëèâîì, ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò ïîëó÷èòü áèîòîïëèâî ñ çàäàííûìè ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèìè ñâîéñòâàìè.  ñòàòüå ðàññìîòðåíû ýôèðû, ñïîñîáû èõ ïîëó÷åíèÿ, ðàñòèòåëüíûå ìàñëà, à òàêaeå îïèñàíû ñïîñîáû äîñòèaeåíèÿ íåîáõîäèìûõ ñâîéñòâ àëüòåðíàòèâíûõ âèäîâ ýíåðãîíîñèòåëåé êàê ìîòîðíîãî òîïëèâà. Ïðèâåäåíû ðåçóëüòàòû ñðàâíèòåëüíîãî àíàëèçà òåõíîëîãèé ïåðåðàáîòêè âîçîáíîâëÿåìûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ ýíåðãèè â òîïëèâî äëÿ àâòîòðàêòîðíûõ äâèãàòåëåé. Îáîñíîâàíà ïîòåíöèàëüíàÿ âîçìîaeíîñòü èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ àëüòåðíàòèâíûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ ýíåðãèè â ñòðóêòóðó ýíåðãîïîòðåáëåíèÿ ÀÏÊ. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: âîçîáíîâëÿåìûå èñòî÷íèêè ýíåðãèè, ñïèðòû, ðàñòèòåëüíûå ìàñëà, ýôèðû, âîäíî-áèîòîïëèâíûå ýìóëüñèè, ñèíòåòè÷åñêèå òîïëèâà.The increase in the share of renewable energy sources as motor fuel of automotive vehicles can sig-nificantly affect the environmental and energy safety in the operation of equipment. The aim of the study is to analyze the technologies of conversion of renewable energy sources for use as a motor fuel. The raw energy medium primarily includes hydrocarbon compounds, which process of thermochemical transfor-mation is accompanied by the release of the main target component -hydrogen. The presence of the hy-drogen component causes unique kinetic and environmental indicators of its combustion, high efficiency of the engine operating cycle. Esters are derivatives of organic or inorganic acids and alcohols, they are found mainly in essential oils and make up the bulk of vegetable and animal oils. Currently, dimethyl ether is considered as one of the most promising fuels for diesel engines. In this regard, the transfer of diesels on the air does not require...
Biogas is an alternative source of energy, now it can also be used as a motor fuel for gasoline engines of internal combustion with spark ignition. This article describes the biogas obtained by processing cattle manure. The obtained biogas was enriched and compressed to the level of natural gas. A schematic diagram of the experimental test bench for the study of automotive biogas engine is given. A description of the measuring instruments used in this experimental test bench is shown. In this paper, the task is to create an automated test bench for the study of the workflow of the engine, which works on biogas. To select and justify the parameters of the workflow, a full range of instrumentation is needed, which satisfies the following requirements: the ability to work on gasoline and biogas; the ability to control the composition of the working mixture, both when working on gasoline and biogas; the possibility of forced control of the value of ignition advance angle; measurement of the moment of resistance on the motor shaft in the whole range of rotational speed variation (n = 800…5590 min-1); registration of pressure in the engine cylinder (indicator diagram) with the subsequent determination of indicator characteristics; registration of air and fuel consumption; maintaining a stable temperature mode of the engine. In addition, an automated research system should provide for the collection of experimental data for on-line processing and for the collection of a database. The use of biogas as a fuel for gasoline internal combustion engines will save natural resources and improve the ecological and economic status of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and whole Russia.
The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the choice of exact methods for determining the parameters of the operation of autotractor engines.
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