Intensive reform of the higher education system requires a significant modernization of pedagogical technologies, methods and techniques used in the implementation of educational standards for the preparation of bachelors and specialists in all sectors of the economy. The practice of training engineering specialists for the agricultural sector of a region with a developed mining sector of the economy reveals deep roots of the objectively existing contradictions mentioned above. This article provides a summary of research results obtained during classes in the following disciplines of the general professional cycle: Resistance of Materials, Machine Parts, Engineering Technology. New paradigm of competency-based, activity approaches to the level of higher education should be adequately expressed by new pedagogical, educational and methodological developments. The modern educational and equipment status of most educational institutions allows active realizing innovative pedagogical technologies and methods, the effectiveness of which increases when they adapt to the mental characteristics of certain categories of students. The article outlines the main features for the development and implementation of practice-oriented classes activating and stimulating students' cognitive interest in mastering the necessary professional competencies in the study of general technical disciplines. The emergence and further maintenance of learning interest in the study of general technical disciplines by the rural youth among the students requires a full consideration of their personal experience, the mentality of a person brought up in the circumstances of purely practical everyday life. Therefore, a significant increase in the share of practice-oriented classes using the methods and techniques of the activity approach is probably the only way to stimulate and maintain the students’ learning interest.
BACKGROUND: Agricultural machinery is the main consumer of liquid petroleum-product fuel in the countryside of Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Even partial machinery transition to biogas fuel would reduce consumption of liquid petroleum-product fuel, in this regard, first of all, it is necessary to determine biogas fuel compression ratio for agricultural machinery fueling. A number of experimental works is demanded to carry out to determine compression ratio of biogas fuel of different compositions. AIMS: Determination of compression ratio of biogas fuel of different composition for agricultural machinery fueling with a compressor. METHODS: Experimental determination of biogas fuel compression ratio carried out with the UGK-3 test facility. Based on obtained experimental data, numerical simulation was carried out with CurveExpert and MS Excel software (for data set linear approximation). RESULTS: Based on Mendeleev-Clapeyron ideal gas law, the formula for theoretical calculation of compression ratio of biogas fuel of different chemical compositions. In order to obtain experimental data, a number of experimental works was carried out with the UGK-3 test facility, updated for considering of biogas fuel compression ratio in various conditions. According to the results of linear approximation, with increasing of methane volume fraction, biogas fuel compression ratio tends to values of pure methane compression ratio taken from GOST 30319.2-2019. CONCLUSIONS: Practical utility of the study lies in ability of using the proposed method of calculation of compression ratio during vehicle fueling with biogas fuel for the sake of safe and effective fueling.
Biogas is an alternative source of energy, now it can also be used as a motor fuel for gasoline engines of internal combustion with spark ignition. This article describes the biogas obtained by processing cattle manure. The obtained biogas was enriched and compressed to the level of natural gas. A schematic diagram of the experimental test bench for the study of automotive biogas engine is given. A description of the measuring instruments used in this experimental test bench is shown. In this paper, the task is to create an automated test bench for the study of the workflow of the engine, which works on biogas. To select and justify the parameters of the workflow, a full range of instrumentation is needed, which satisfies the following requirements: the ability to work on gasoline and biogas; the ability to control the composition of the working mixture, both when working on gasoline and biogas; the possibility of forced control of the value of ignition advance angle; measurement of the moment of resistance on the motor shaft in the whole range of rotational speed variation (n = 800…5590 min-1); registration of pressure in the engine cylinder (indicator diagram) with the subsequent determination of indicator characteristics; registration of air and fuel consumption; maintaining a stable temperature mode of the engine. In addition, an automated research system should provide for the collection of experimental data for on-line processing and for the collection of a database. The use of biogas as a fuel for gasoline internal combustion engines will save natural resources and improve the ecological and economic status of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and whole Russia.
The article analyzes suburban bus transportation on specific routes in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Route No. 101 Yakutsk Tabaga with a total length of 31 km was chosen for the experimental study. The timetable for the movement of buses of the municipal unitary enterprise Yakutsk Passenger Transport Enterprise (YAPAK) on the suburban route is given. The main technical data of the LiAZ-5256.57 bus were studied. In accordance with international rules for buses, the determination of the amount of fuel consumption and specific emissions of normalized toxic components is carried out using a driving cycle on working drums. A technique to calculate fuel consumption is used for modeling engine performance indicators that provide a change in the traction and speed characteristics of the vehicle in accordance with the established driving cycle. The calculated fuel consumption results for the NEDC driving cycle are compared with experimental data. As a comparison of calculated and theoretical data on fuel consumption with practical data, a Cummins type CG 250 engine is considered. The internal combustion engine is installed on the LiAZ-5256.57 bus. Experimental data on the fuel consumption of this bus per 100 kilometers (km) showed 49 nm3, and theoretical calculations of the fuel consumption of the bus per 100 km using the proposed method showed 48 nm3. Thus, to assess the traction and speed characteristics of the bus, the proposed combined method can be used, which makes it possible to obtain a calculation of fuel consumption that is closer to the experimental data on the driving cycle. Based on the initial data of the vehicle, the effective performance of the engine is evaluated. A computational method for modeling tests and an experimental driving cycle for motor vehicles with a total mass of more than five tons are proposed.
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