Although the results in group 2 were better than group 1, the difference was not statistically significant. Further investigations are required to establish the role of nerve and tendon gliding exercises in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.

The aim of this study was to analyze the longitudinal arch morphology and related factors in primary school children. Five hundred and seventy-nine primary school children were enrolled in the study. Generalized joint laxity, foot progression angle, frontal hindfoot alignment, and longitudinal arch height in dynamic position were evaluated. The footprints were recorded by Harris and Beath footprint mat and arch index of Staheli was calculated. The mean age was 9.23 +/- 1.66 years. Four hundred and fifty-six children (82.8%) were evaluated as normal and mild flexible flatfoot, and 95 children (17.2%) were evaluated as moderate and severe flexible flatfoot. The mean arch indices of the feet was 0.74 +/- 0.25. The percentage of flexible flatfoot in hypermobile and non-hypermobile children was found 27.6 and 13.4%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in dynamic arch evaluation between hypermobile and non-hypermobile children. There was a significant negative correlation between arch index and age, and a significant negative correlation between hypermobility score and age. Our study confirms that the flexible flatfoot and the hypermobility are developmental profiles.

The Turkish version of the E&R GMFCS is shown to be reliable and valid for assessment of Turkish CP children.

Few studies on the benign joint hypermobility syndrome suggest a tendency toward osteopenia, but there are conflicting results. We assessed bone mineral density in pre-menopausal women with hypermobility. Twenty-five consecutive Caucasian women diagnosed with benign hypermobility syndrome by Beighton score and 23 age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. Age, menarch age, number of pregnancies, duration of lactation, physical activity and calcium intake were questioned according to European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study Group (EVOS) form. All subjects were pre-menopausal and none of them were on treatment with any drugs effecting bone metabolism or had any other systemic disease. No statistically significant difference was found for body mass index, menarch age, number of pregnancies, duration of lactation, calcium intake, calcium score and physical activity score between the two groups. Total femoral and trochanteric bone mineral density and t and z scores were significantly lower in hypermobile patients compared to the control group. Ward's triangle and femoral neck z scores were also found to be significantly low in hypermobile patients (p<0.05). Significant negative correlations were found between the Beighton scores and trochanteric BMD, t and z scores (r=-0.29, r=-0.30, and r=-0.32) in hypermobility patients. Low bone mass was more frequently found among subjects with hypermobility (p=0.03). Hypermobility was found to increase the risk for low bone mass by 1.8 times (95% confidence interval 1.01-3.38). Our study suggests that pre-menopausal women with joint hypermobility have lower bone mineral density when compared to the controls and hypermobility increases the risk for low bone mass.

Botulinum toxin type A can be both safe and effective in relieving spasticity in pediatric patients with cerebral palsy. In our prospective study, we evaluated the functional effect of botulinum toxin A in spastic diplegic-type cerebral palsy. Patients were examined on enrollment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after injection. Passive dorsiflexion of the ankle joint was measured using a goniometer as an angle of possible maximal dorsiflexion with the knee extended and flexed. Spasticity was graded using the Modified Ashworth Scale. Selective motor control at the ankle was assessed, and observational gait analysis was done. The functional status of the patients was determined by using the gross motor classification system. Botulinum toxin A was injected into the gastrocnemius muscle in all patients, and in four patients with concomitant jump knee gait, a hamstring muscle injection was added. Fourteen patients were included in the study. The mean age was 58.81 +/- 15.34 months. Following injection, spasticity was clinically decreased and statistically significant improvement was noticed in all clinical parameters after 1, 3, and 6 months of injection. The improvement in the clinical parameters decreased after 6 months but not to the baseline. One patient was Level II, four patients were Level III, and six patients were Level IV according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System at baseline. Improvement in the gross motor classification system is continued after 6 months in 12 children. The main goal of spasticity treatment in cerebral palsy is functional improvement. In our study, most of our patients had functional improvement according to the gross motor function classification system and did not change at 6 months.

The Turkish version of the NBD score is a valid and reliable instrument and also sensitive to change in patients with SCI.

Both interferential and low-frequency currents can be used in strength training with the parameters used in this study.

ObjectiveIn our study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of training on compliance and persistence with bisphosphonate treatment given on a weekly vs. monthly basis in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients.MethodsA total of 979 patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis (mean age: 63.2 ± 7.2 years) were included in this national, multicenter, prospective non-interventional observational cohort registry study. Patients were randomized into training (n = 492, 50.3%, mean age: 63.4 ± 7.2 years) and control (n = 487, 49.7%, mean age: 63.0 ± 7.1 years) groups. Patients in each intervention group were given weekly (44.9% and 44.6% for training and control subjects, respectively) or monthly (55.1% and 55.4%, respectively) bisphosphonate regimens. After the initial visit, patients were followed up at three-month intervals throughout 12 months of treatment for evaluation of persistence, compliance and adverse events.ResultsOn average, 79.4% of the patients were persistent with the treatment with a mean of 350.4 days of duration during the 12-month follow-up period. The mean compliance in the compliant and fully compliant group remained at an average of 86.6%. No significant difference was detected between the training and control groups in terms of compliance and persistence. Significantly longer persistence (360.0 ± 89.0 vs. 345.0 ± 108.0 days; p = 0.035), higher percentage of persistent patients (83.4% vs. 74.2%; p = 0.012) and higher compliance rates (88.8% vs. 83.3%; p = 0.002) were noted in monthly regimen patients in comparison to those given weekly regimen.ConclusionOur findings revealed remarkably high rates for persistence and compliance with bisphosphonate treatment in postmenopausal osteoporosis, with no impact of training on compliance and persistence rates. Longer persistence and better compliance rates were achieved with the monthly bisphosphonate regimen when compared to the weekly regimen.