In this study, kisspeptin had a positive correlation with LH and leptin levels in PCOS. In fact, the serum levels of kisspeptin and leptin does not differ statistically between PCOS and healthy women. There are limited data in the literature with regard to changes in kisspeptin levels and its relation with metabolic and hormonal disturbances.

Recently, myoinositol (myo-ins) and folic acid combination has gained an important role for treating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), in addition to combined oral contraceptives (COC). We aimed to examine myo-ins effects on anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels and compare them with those ones obtained administering COC. In this prospective study, 137 PCOS patients, diagnosed according to Rotterdam criteria and admitted to the Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Outpatient Clinic at Dokuz Eylul University (Izmir, Turkey), were included. After randomization to COC (n = 60) and myo-ins (n = 77) arms, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, Modified Ferriman Gallwey scores were calculated. Biochemical and hormonal analysis were performed, and LH/FSH and Apo B/A1 ratios were calculated. Data analysis was carried out in demographically and clinically matched 106 patients (COC = 54; myo-ins = 52). After 3-month treatment, increase in HDL and decreases in LH and LH/FSH ratio were statistically more significant only in COC group when compared with baseline (in both cases p > 0.05). In myo-ins group, fasting glucose, LDL, DHEAS, total cholesterol, and prolactin levels decreased significantly (for all p < 0.05). Progesterone and AMH levels, ovarian volume, ovarian antral follicle, and total antral follicle counts lessened significantly in both groups (for all p < 0.05). In PCOS treatment, MYO is observed more effective in reductions of total ovarian volume and AMH levels.

In group 1, 9 patients conceived spontaneous pregnancy. During COH + IUI treatment three cycles were canceled in group 1 and 8 cycles in group 2. Total rFSH dose and cycle duration were significantly lower and clinical pregnancy rates were higher in group 1. The pregnancy rate for group 1 was %18.6 and for group 2 was %12.2. Conclusıons: This study shows that MYO should be considered in the treatment of infertile PCOS patients. MYO administration increases clinical pregnancy rates, lowers total rFSH dose and the duration of the ovulation induction.

Osteoporosis appeared to be independently associated with serum TSH level. Maintaining TSH levels within the upper limit of the reference range during treatment of hypothyroidism could be important to prevent osteoporosis among postmenopausal women.

Objective: It is suggested that smoking has adverse effects on placenta development by decreasing placental vascularization. Cigarette exposure is associated with intrauterine and perinatal death, preterm labor, ablatio placenta, placenta previa and intrauterine growth retardation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of smoking on fetal Doppler ultrasound waveforms and its pathophysiological relationship with fetal birth weight. Methods: The study was conducted in Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of Dokuz Eylül University between January 13th and 24th April 2011. One hundred nineteen singleton pregnancies were included to the study. Group 1 consisted of 22 patients who were smoking 4-10 cigarettes daily. Group 2 consisted of 97 non-smoker patients before and during their pregnancies. Patients' maternal uterine, fetal umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries Doppler measurements were done on 37th week of gestation. Results: Weight gain in the Group 1 was statistically higher than non-smoking patients. There were statistically significant changes in fetal Doppler measurements, but no difference was found in maternal Doppler waveforms between the two groups. Maternal uterine artery Doppler waveforms were similar in both groups; in fact fetal umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery waveforms were statistically higher for Group 1. Conclusion: Cigarette contains nicotine, carbon monoxide and thousands of other toxic chemicals. Carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen transfer to the fetus. Chronic tobacco use decreases placental blood flow, hypoxic pathologic environment occurs, and changes appear on fetal Doppler ultrasound waveforms.

Objectives:The aim is to compare the hormonal status and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) levels of patients who have different polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes, polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) and healthy women. Material and methods:A total of 350 PCOS women, 71 women with PCOM and 79 healthy women with normal ovarian morphology (NOM) were observed. PCOS patients were divided into groups according to the phenotypes. Phenotype A-characterized by anovulation, hyperandrogenism and PCOM; phenotype B-defined as anovulation, hyperandrogenism; Phenotype C-identified as hyperandrogenism and PCOM; Phenotype D-outlined as anovulation and PCOM. AMH levels were compared for each group.Results: Among 350 PCOS patients the highest number belonged to phenotype A (n = 117, 33.4%). The rest were distrubuted as follows: phenotype B (n = 89, 25.4%), phenotype C (n = 72, 20.6%), phenotype D (n = 72, 20.6%). Phenotype A (9.17 ± 4.56) had the highest mean AMH levels in our study. Comparison of AMH levels showed a statistically significant difference between phenotypes A and D. There was a statistically significant difference on comparison of AMH between NOM, PCOM and all PCOS phenotypes. Conclusions: Phenotype A is the most serious form of PCOS and these patients has all three features which are hyperandrogenism, anovulation and ultrasound findings of polycystic ovary (PCO). AMH reflects the severity of PCOS and patients with Phenotype A have higher AMH levels.

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