Since the digitally-mediated large-scale protests took place all over the world, the role of social identities in collective actions has become the center of academic attention. Some scholars have claimed that interpersonal or individual reasons have become more important than collective identifications in participating digitally-mediated collective actions. To answer the question that whether social identification has lost its centrality in collective actions in the Internet age, we conducted a meta-analysis of 46 studies (N = 18,242) which examined digitally-mediated collective actions across the world reported between January 2011 and January 2020. We focused on the relationship between social identification and collective action, and the possible moderator effects of group type to be identified (emergent vs. pre-existing group), participation type (actual behavior vs. intention), and WEIRDness of the sample. The analyses showed a moderate to strong relationship between social identification and participation in digitally-mediated collective actions, while group type was the only significant moderator. Accordingly, the relationship between identification with emergent groups and collective action participation was much stronger compared to the relationship between identification with pre-existing groups and collective action participation. We discussed the theoretical implications of the results emphasized the basic dynamics of collective actions.
There is a debate about the dynamics of participation in collective actions in the Internet age whether different or not from the engage in conventional ones. Some scholars claimed that the role of shared social identity is relatively unimportant in the Internet age. In order to clarify whether collective actions in the digital age still rely on social identification or not, we conducted a meta-analysis of 40 studies (N = 16,933) focused on digitally-mediated collective actions. We examined the relationship between social identification and collective action, and the possible moderator effects of group type, participation type, and WEIRDness of sample. We found a strong relationship between social identification and collective action participation. Group type was a significant moderator showing the relationship is much stronger in the emergent group compared to the pre-existing group. We discussed the theoretical implications of the results emphasized the basic dynamics of collective actions.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of the child that manifests itself in all its life contexts, whose key symptoms are inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. In addition to the "classic" symptom triad, however, the disorder is characterized by a general deficit in executive functions, ie a set of cognitive operations that allow one to adapt one's behavior to environmental needs, including planning, working memory, and cognitive flexibility and cognitive and behavioral self-regulation. Several authors agree in hypothesizing a key role of executive functions and inattention / impulsivity processes in central coherence disorder (CC), or a specific difficulty in integrating the different information related to a stimulus into a coherent whole with meaning. This disability is expressed in a particular cognitive style that processes information or analyzes a situation in a fragmentary way proceeding "piece by piece", rather than in their global context. This hypothesis was tested in various experiments in which autistic subjects were subjected to the two classic tests of executive function: the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Tower of Hanoi. Central coherence involves the coding and perceptual attention processes, which are highly deficient in ADHD subjects. This would explain the tendency of these subjects to implement repetitive and persevering behaviors. Such behaviors, in fact, could be fragments of more complex actions that are decontextualized and repeated without a system capable of adequately inhibiting them.
The current study aimed to adapt the Self-Presentation Tactics Scale (SPTS; Lee et al., 1999) into Turkish and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Accordingly, two studies were conducted. In the first one, the factor structure of SPTS was tested in a sample of 346 adults with exploratory factor analysis (EFA), which revealed a distinct structure explaining 58.14% of the variance from the 12-factor original scale. The findings showed that a nine-factor model including 50 items presented the best fit with the following factors: ingratiation, apology, exemplification, disclaimer, intimidation, excuse/justification, enhancement, self-handicapping, blasting/entitlement. In the second study, a sample of 653 college students completed SPTS and Revised Self-Monitoring Scale (RSMS). The second-order nine-factor solution was uncovered by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). In addition, internal consistency and test-retest reliability analyses showed significant correlation coefficients. The criterion-related validity was also proved with significant correlations between SPTS and RSMS. These results verify that the SPTS is a valid and reliable measure to assess self-presentation tactics for adult population in Turkey.
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