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SUMMARY:The purpose of this study was to investigate the ultrastructural effects of lead on the kidney cortex of rats. Wistar Albino rats (180-200g body weight) were divided into a controlled and lead acetate-exposed group. Rats received lead acetate at 500 ppm in their drinking water for 60 days. Both groups were fed with the same standard food, but lead acetate was added to the drinking water. During the experimental period, blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta of the anesthetised animals. At the end of exposure, body weight and blood lead levels were measured. The kidney tissue samples were prepared and analyzed by light and transmission electron microscopy. Cortical renal tubules show various degenerative changes with focal tubular necrosis invaded by inflammatory cells. The ultrastructural alterations found in lead acetate-treated rats were a diminution in the amount of filtration slits, increased fusion of foot processes in epithelial cells of the glomeruli, increase of lysosomal structures and pinocytic vesicles as well as large mitochondria in proximal tubule cells.

Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of diabetic nephropathy, which is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of ethyl pyruvate (EP) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats' kidney. Four groups (n = 8) of male Wistar albino rats were used as follows: control group rats received only sodium citrate buffer solution intraperitoneally (ip). The EP group was given 50 mg/kg EP ip. In the DM group, diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. The DM + EP group received 50 mg/kg EP ip. All animals received daily treatment for 14 days, and at the end of the study the kidneys were removed: the left kidney of the rats was used for malondialdehyde (MDA) analysis and the right kidney for histological examination. There was normal appearance of the kidney tissues in the control and the EP-administered groups. In the DM group, there was evident basement membrane thickening and enlargement of mesangial matrix; swelling in some tubular epithelial cells was also noticeable. In the DM+EP administered group, nearly the same appearance as the control group and relative thickening in the glomerular basal membrane were observed. The antioxidant effect of ethyl pyruvate improved the renal structures in the DM + EP group.

AbstractThis study has goals of examining whether pre-eclampsia may lead to an increase of elastic tissue fibers in blood vessel walls of placental stem villi or whether there are differences in the thickness of blood vessel walls within these villi when compared to normotensive pregnant women. Non-infarcted placental tissue samples from 28 participants with uncomplicated pregnancies and 26 patients with pre-eclampsia were obtained. After routine histological procedures, the sections were processed either for conventional Verhoeff staining for the demonstration of elastic fiber system. Paraffine sections from placenta biopsies prepared for light microscopic examination were gathered. In uncomplicated pregnancies, terminal villi blood vessels were observed with no stained elastic tissue fibers in most areas. In the pre-eclampsia pregnancy of human placenta, the elastic fibers significiantly increased in terminal villi blood vessel walls which were dark in color, using Verhoeff’s tissue stain, when comparing with the uncomplicated pregnancy group. Our results indicate that an increase of elastic tissue fibers in blood vessels of placental stem villus and terminal villi, and also an increase of wall thickness during pre-eclampsia.

SUMMARY:Spinal cord injury causes neuron nerve fiber loss. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective, inflammatory and angiogenetic effects of melatonin on rat spinal cord injury (SCI). For spinal cord injury, a standard weight reduction method was used that caused moderate severity of injury (100 g / cm force) at T10 Melatonin (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally ) was a dministered for 10 days after trauma. Each group consisted of 10 animals. of these, six were used for biochemical and four were used for th e evaluation of histological analysis. Spinal cord samples were taken for histological examination or determination of malondiald ehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity . Spinal cord injury and melatonin treated group were compare d. Melatonin administration in spinal cord injury increased the activity of glial cells in the radial and funicular cells and epen dymal cells and increased the activity of glial cells and also showed a positive ef fect on inflammation and vascular endothelial cells in s ynaptic connections in the nerve fibers undergoing spinal injury endothelial degeneration It is thought that it can regulate the degenerative ef fect which is caused by both the inflammatory effect and the angiogenic effect which will have a positive effect on the neural connection.KEY WORDS: Spinal cord injury; Melatonin; TNF-α α α α α; Endothelin-1.

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Oxidative stress is one of the main reasons of the diabetic nephropathy, which is a complication of the diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of ethyl-pyruvate (EP) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats' kidney. Four groups (n = 8) male Wistar albino rats were used as follows: controls group rats were received only sodium citrate buffer solution by intraperitoneally (ip). EP group was given 50 mg/kg EP ip. DM group, diabetes formed by inducing streptozotocin. DM + EP group, received 50 mg/kg EP ip. All animals received daily treatment for 14 days, and at the end of the study, the kidneys were removed: the left kidney of the rats for malondialdehyde (MDA) analysis and the right kidney for histological examination. There was normal appearance of the kidney tissues in the control and the EP administered groups. In DM group, there was evident basement membrane thickening, enlargement of mesangial matrix; swelling in some tubular epithelial cells was noticeable. In DM + EP administered group, nearly control group appearance as well as relatively thickening in the glomerular basal membrane were detected. The antioxidant effect of ethyl-pyruvate improved the renal structures in DM + EP group.

Down syndrome is primarily caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. We reviewed cytogenetic studies performed on 1048 patients who were referred to the