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This study was carried out to estimate the relationship between hand length, foot length and stature using multiple linear regression analyses based on a sample of male and female adult Turks residing in Adana. Measurements of hand length, foot length and stature were taken from 155 adult Turks (80 male, 75 female) aged 17-23 years. The participants were students of the Medical Faculty of Cukurova University. A multiple linear regression model was fitted to the observed data. Stature was taken as the response or dependent variable, hand length and foot length were taken as explanatory variables or regressors. All possible (simple and multiple) linear regression models for each of males, females and both genders together were tested for the best model. The multiple linear regression model for both genders together was found to be the best model with the highest values for the coefficients of determination R2 = 0.861 and R2adjusted = 0.859, and multiple correlation coefficient R = 0.928.

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Four vertical and three horizontal measurements were taken to assess the validity of neoclassical facial canons in 500 (272 female, 228 male) healthy, young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 years from Turkey and to compare them with a different population. The measurements were made by a millimetric compass. The special head height was longer than the special face height in the majority of our group (women/men: 97.8%/91.7%). The three-section facial profile canon was equal in only one male subject (women/men: 0/0.4%). Faces with four equal profile sections were not seen in either of the sexes. The nose length was longer than the ear length in the minority of our population (women/men: 1.5%/1.3%). The intercanthal distance was shorter than the nose width and left eye fissure length in the majority of our subjects (women/men: 50.4%/78.9% and 50.0%/52.2% respectively). The mouth width was greater than 1.5 times the nose width in the majority of this study (women/men: 66.9% vs 49.1%).

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The present study was undertaken to determine the normal values of the intercanthal distance, biocular distance, interpupillary distance and palpebral fissure length and height for the Turkish population. These measurements were taken from 500 (272 females, 228 males) healthy young adults aged 18-25 years. The measurements were made with a millimetric compass. The mean values of intercanthal distance, biocular distance, interpupillary distance, right palpebral fissure length and palpebral fissure height were 30.7+/-3.0 mm, 95.9+/-6.0 mm, 63.9+/-3.6 mm, 32.6+/-2.4 mm and 10.3+/-1.6 mm respectively in males. In females the equivalent values were 30.0+/-2.6 mm, 92.0+/-5.4 mm, 60.8+/-3.2 mm, 31.0+/-2.4 mm and 10.4+/-1.5 mm respectively.

This study was undertaken to determine the morphometry of the anterior clinoid process (ACP), optic strut (OS), caroticoclinoid foramen, and interclinoid osseous bridge in skulls of Turkish adults. Measurements were taken from 34 dry skulls of unknown age and sex. The overall means, and associated standard deviations, of the distances measured are: basal width of the ACP at the medial margin of the optic canal (OC) 12.4 ± 2.1 mm; from the anterior clinoid tip (ACT) to the base of the ACP 11.5 ± 1.9 mm; from the ACT to the posterior margin of the OS 6.9 ± 1.6 mm; thickness of the ACP 4.3 ± 1.2 mm; from the ACT to the junction of the medial edge of the ACP and the posterolateral edge of the OC roof 8.9 ± 1.6 mm; from the ACT to the center point of the posterior edge of the OC roof 11.4 ± 1.7 mm; from the ACT to the lateral end of the superior orbital fissure 23.7 ± 3.9 mm; from the ACT to the anterior edge of the OS base 8.6 ± 1.7 mm; from the ACT to the posterior edge of the OS base 6.5 ± 1.5 mm; from the ACT to the posterior clinoid process 10.6 ± 2.4 mm; between the ACTs 25.8 ± 2.7 mm. In addition, the presence of a caroticoclinoid process and interclinoid bridge was identified and the types were classified. Knowledge of the morphometry of the parasellar and suprasellar regions is extremely important for neurosurgeons.

The present study was conducted to examine whether the thumb rule of Leonardo da Vinci could be an objective method in the determination of the natural and artistic proportions of human face. In this study, a sample of 400 subjects (200 male and 200 female, 22-25 years old) was used. Measurements were made of the length of thumb, the length of ear, the approximate distances between the hair line and the glabella or eyebrows, between the glabella or eyebrows and the tip of the nose and the distance between the nose and the chin, and the distance between the ear and the lateral aspect of the eye. The results obtained in the males and females showed significant (p < 0.01) correlations between the length of thumb and the proportions of the face examined in the study. Additionally, the height of the face was found to be almost three times the length of the thumb. However, the measurements obtained from female subjects were on average smaller than those taken from males. The results obtained in this experiment could be of value in understanding of the evaluation of the face for the people working in plastic surgery or art.