Purpose To evaluate the results of surgical treatment of maculopathy secondary to congenital optic pit anomaly with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), endolaser to the temporal edge of the optic disc and C3F8 tamponade without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. Patients and methods Thirteen eyes of 12 patients with serous macular detachment and/or macular retinoschisis secondary to congenital optic disc pit (ODP) were included in the study. All eyes underwent PPV, posterior hyaloid removal, endolaser photocoagulation on the temporal margin of the optic disc and 12% C3F8 gas tamponade. Anatomic success and functional outcome determined retrospectively by optical coherence tomography and measurement of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), respectively were the main outcome parameters. Results Two lines or more improvement in BCVA was obtained in 11 eyes and 6 of these eyes had 20/40 or better BCVA at the final visit. Subretinal or intraretinal fluid was completely resorbed postoperatively in 12 eyes but a little intraretinal fluid persisted in one eye at the 16-month follow-up. Better visual improvement was observed in patients treated by earlier surgical intervention. Conclusion PPV, C3F8 gas tamponade and endolaser to the optic disc margin without ILM peeling may yield favourable results in the treatment of ODP maculopathy.

Besides the overall integrity of IS/OS line and the length of disruption, loss of foveal IS/OS and external limiting membrane integrity are also noteworthy in cases with CSC. Hyperreflective dots and retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy are closely associated with BCVA in cases with CSC. Analysis of the subgroups has shown that morphologic changes that persist until the late phases of the disease could potentially affect the visual outcome.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal and sub-Tenon (ST) posterior triamcinolone injection in the treatment of bilateral diabetic diffuse macular edema (DDME). Methods: 28 eyes of 14 diabetic patients with bilateral DDME were included in this prospective randomized study. One eye of each individual received a sub-Tenon (ST) posterior triamcinolone injection (ST group), whereas the fellow eye received an intravitreal triamcinolone injection (IV group). All eyes were treated with supplementary focal laser after the injections. Cases were evaluated 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after the initial treatment. Results: Both groups had visual improvement and macular edema reduction following the injections. This temporary effect was prominent for 24 weeks in the IV group and for 8 weeks in the ST group. Edema resorption and visual improvement were more pronounced in the IV group, although this difference was not statistically significant. No major complications were observed except for moderate and reversible intraocular pressure elevation in some cases. Conclusion: Both intravitreal and ST injections of triamcinolone appear to yield a significant visual recovery and prompt resolution of DDME. The beneficial outcome appears to be more longstanding with intravitreal injection.

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Objective: To quantify microstructutal alterations in the macula and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in patients recovered from COVID-19 using spectral domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Design: Retrospective, observational. Participants: This comparative, cross-sectional study included patients who recovered from COVID-19 (Group 1) and age- and sex-matched normal controls (Group 2). Methods: A comprehensive ophthalmic examination including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), biomicroscopic anterior and posterior segment examination was performed. SD-OCT analysis of the macula and peripapillary RNFL was obtained for each participant. In addition patient demographics and comorbidities were recorded. Results: 238 eyes of 122 subjects (Group 1: n=63; Group 2: n=59) were included. The incidence of coexisting comorbidity was higher in Group 1 (n=26/63, 41.3%) compared with Group 2 (n=12/59, 20.3%) (p=0.013). The central foveal thickness (CFT) was significantly higher in Group 1 (271.0±26.8 μm) than Group 2 (263.2±22.0 μm) (p=0.015). The average outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness at central fovea in Group 1 (85.4±13.3 μm) was significantly thicker than that in Group 2 (81.4±15.2 μm) (p=0.035). The mean peripapillary RNFL thickness of Group 1 (102.6±8.8 μm) and Group 2 (100.9±8.3 μm) were similar (p=0.145). The mean choroidal thickness of groups at the fovea, at 1500 μm nasal and temporal to the fovea were not significantly different (p>0.05 for all). Conclusion: Significant thickness alterations in individual retinal layers and CFT was detected in post-COVID-19 patients. The increase in CFT and ONL thickness might be attributed to direct infection or viral induced inflammatory response of retina.

Purpose: Investigation of the efficacy of intravitreal dexamethasone implants (0.7 mg) in patients with Behçet disease (BD) who had cystoid macular edema (CME) despite immunomodulatory treatment. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven eyes of 20 patients who had intravitreal dexameth­asone implant injections and follow-up for more than 6 months were included in this study. Best corrected visual acuities (BCVA), intraocular pressures (IOP), and central macular thicknesses (CMT) were recorded. Systemic immunomodulatory treatment was noted. Injection-related complications and the need for recurrent injections were recorded. Results: Statistically significant anatomical and functional success was achieved with a single injection. BCVA increased from 0.85 ± 0.72 to 0.45 ± 0.52 logMAR, while the mean CMT decreased from 406 ± 190 to 243 ± 101 µm at the sixth month. The peak of visual acuity gain was reached within the first 2 months and a substantial proportion of the patients gained 3 or more lines. There was no complication other than transient IOP elevation in 4 eyes and cataract surgery in 2 eyes. Conclusion: Adjuvant intravitreal dexamethasone implant injections offer promising results in cases of BD with CME. It is effective in preserving the macular anatomy and vision particularly in transition to biological agents.

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