Recognition of the risk factors for ESBL-producing bacteria may be helpful to determine new policies in the management of UTI. Recurrence of UTI should be prevented especially in the first year of life, and prophylactic cephalosporins should be avoided.

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Hydatid disease is an endemic zoonotic disease in many areas of the world. Liver, followed by lung, is the most commonly affected organ and involvement of other organs is rare. When brain is involved, lesions are typically supratentorial, and infratentorial localisation is even rarer. We present a 45-year-old woman with hydatid disease located in premedullary location compressing the brain stem, an exceedingly rare location for cerebral echinococcosis. Relevant literature regarding typical properties of cerebral disease was reviewed.

Obesity in children appears to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases later in life. Early development of insulin resistance (IR) may lead to endothelial dysfunction and increased carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) even in childhood. We compared endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (endocan) levels in pediatric obese patients with those in healthy controls to determine whether endocan could be used as a biological marker of complications caused by endothelial damage. In 80 obese pubertal children (44 males [M] and 36 females [F], mean age: 12.8 ± 2.5 years), anthropometric measurements, cIMT, endocan levels, and IR indices (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) were evaluated and compared with 80 healthy pubertal patients (42M/38F, mean age: 12.3 ± 3.2 years). High-resolution ultrasound was used to measure the cIMT. Obese children had higher levels of endocan compared with the controls ( P < .001). Fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR were also higher in obese children ( P < .001 for both). In addition, obese children had an increased cIMT ( P < .001). In obese children, there was a significant correlation between cIMT and HOMA-IR (β = −1.314, P = .002) and between cIMT and endocan (β = .483, P = .004). Measuring cIMT and endocan levels (noninvasive investigations) in obese children, together with early preventive measures, could significantly decrease morbidity and mortality in adulthood.

Elevated BP loads detected by 24-h ambulatory BP measurements in children with type 1 diabetes are associated with increased BNP levels and abnormal tissue Doppler echocardiography indices, indicating early stage cardiac dysfunction.

Background Diaper dermatitis is one of the most common skin diseases in early childhood. The prevalence of diaper dermatitis varies between 7% and 35% depending on population and age groups. There may be some differences among the pediatricians about treatment approaches to this common skin condition. Aim The purpose of this study is to evaluate the management strategies of pediatricians for diaper dermatitis. Methods The questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted between September and December 2021. The questionnaire which contained 21 items aimed to investigate the approaches of pediatricians to diaper dermatitis treatment, follow-up and prevention strategies. Results A total of 217 pediatricians (59.4% female, median age 40.0 years) practicing in 32 different provinces of Turkey completed the questionnaire. The most preferred medical treatments in the first visit of children with diaper dermatitis, in respect of frequency, were zinc oxide, panthenol/dexpanthenol, and hamamelis virginiana extract (70.9%, 36.9%, 33.6% respectively). If there was no response to the first-line treatment in the control examination, the treatment was rearranged by adding an antifungal creams, topical low-potency corticosteroids, and/or high concentration zinc oxide creams (67.7%, 57.6%, 28.6%, respectively). Most cases were referred to a dermatologist if these treatments were not effective in the control visits of patients. Conclusion Although pediatricians often prefer topical barrier creams for the treatment of diaper dermatitis, options may change depending on the severity of the lesions or the treatment response to the first-line topical treatments.

Objective:We assessed the effect of anemia on cardiovascular findings in obese adolescents.Materials and Methods:We studied 29 anemic and 33 nonanemic obese adolescents, and 33 nonobese healthy adolescents. These three groups were investigated for clinical and laboratory features of anemia and obesity. Echocardiography was used to examine cardiac functions.Results:The anemia was mild (mean hemoglobin: 11.67±0.79 g/dL), ferritin level was significantly low, and C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels were significantly high in anemic obese patients. Increased cardiac pulse and echocardiographic findings, which may be indicative of early left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, were present in these patients.Conclusion:Anemia may develop due to iron deficiency and chronic inflammation in obese adolescents. Even mild anemia may cause increased heart rate and affect left ventricular diastolic functions. Diet programs for obese children should be carefully planned to avoid iron deficiency anemia, which may worsen the cardiac events in long-term follow-up.

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