ObjectiveThe purpose of this research is to evaluate the ethical aspects of informed consent process of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients in Turkey.MethodsThe study included 50 patients undergoing TKA in Gazi Mustafa Kemal State Hospital Orthopedics Clinic. A face to face survey was conducted to determine the ethical appropriateness of the main components of informed consent process such as; disclosure of material information about the disease and alternative treatment options, understanding the disclosed information, comprehending the written consent form and voluntariness in deciding.ResultsThe survey revealed that all TKA patients signed informed consent form, 80% of the participants received material information about their disease, 62% were disclosed information about TKA operation, 56% read (in personal or with the assistance of a relative) the written informed consent form, 28% received information regarding possible complications of TKA and 85% were not given any information about the alternative treatments.ConclusionsInformed consent process in TKA patients have flourished compared to previous years, but still there are some aspects in need of improvement. Using short and understandable language, developing multi-media sources and involving patients to informed consent form development process would contribute to the process.
Medicinal and aromatic plants have been widely using in folk medicine as antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and antinociceptive agents. The aim of this study was to determine essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of T. spicata, L. X Intermedia, S. macrantha and R. officinalis. Essential oil components of these plants were obtained by water vapor distillation method using Neo-Clevenger apparatus. Essential oil components were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The main components of these plants are carvacrol (74.26 %) and γ-terpinene (10.28%) in T. spicata, 1,8cineol (32.48%), linalool (24.38%) and camphor (14.73%) in L. X Intermedia, p-cymene (56.70%), carvacrol (10.96 %) in S. macrantha and camphor (18.26 %), α-pinene (15.51%), 1,8-cineole (11.86%) and borneol (10.39%) in R. officinalis were determined. T. spicata and S. macrantha showed strong effects against three microorganisms. L. X Intermedia and R. officinalis showed strong activity against Candida albicans, while they had moderate effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.
The current study was undertaken to determine the effects of different benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations on the accumulation of bioactive hypericin in Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. via micropropagation. To achieve this objective, seeds of H. triquetrifolium Turra. were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a BAP (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0), 3% sucrose and 5.5% agar. Apical tips of axenic germinated seeds were proliferated on a MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L(-1)). The highest shoot number was obtained from a MS medium supplemented with a 2.0 mg L(-1) BAP. Hypericin percentages were found to be highest in a 1.0 mg L(-1) BAP supplemented medium. These results provide the indication that cytokinin BAP can change the chemical composition of H. triquetrifolium Turra.; thereby, seriously impacting the quality and the efficacy of natural plant products produced by an in vitro culture system for aseptic production of hypericin.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in many applications of biotechnology, including medicine and agriculture. They are released to the nature as waste materials, which can cause physiological and biochemical effects on plants. Indigo, indirubin and tryptanthrin are valuable indole alkaloid compounds in Isatis constricta due to both medicinal effects and dye properties. This research was conducted to determine the effects of different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg L -1 ) of AgNPs on the production of indigo, indirubin and tryptanthrin compounds in leaves of in vitro grown shoots of I. constricta Davis. Indigo production was 1.15-fold of control (869 ± 8.33 lg g -1 ) in the leaves of shoots regenerated in Murashige and Skoog supplemented with 2 mg L -1 of AgNPs (1003 ± 11.42 lg g -1 ) on 5 days post-treatment. Tryptanthrin production showed an increase in all applications of AgNPs, but the highest increase was observed at a concentration of 2 mg L -1 (4.59 ± 0.046 lg g -1 ) and this increase was 1.71-fold of control (2.68 ± 0.031 lg g -1 ) on 5 days post-treatment. The production of indigo and tryptanthrin decreased on 10 and 15 days post-treatment with AgNPs. The contents of indirubin decreased during day 5-10-15 and at all concentrations of AgNPs compared to the control.
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