Aim: There is limited information about arterial stiffness in chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx) are using to determine arterial stiffness. We aimed to study PWV, AIx, volume status in patients with stage 3B-5 CKD and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Methods: Sixty-six stage 3B-5 CKD patients, 21 CAPD patients, 34 healthy controls were included. Pulse wave velocity, AIx, volume status was evaluated by Mobil-O-Graph Õ , and bioimpedance spectroscopy, respectively. Results: The Median PWV was 7.5 m/s in CKD, 6.2 m/s in CAPD, 5.9 m/s in healthy controls, and while PWV was found to have increased significantly in CKD patients (p ¼ 0.002), the Alx values were similar in all groups. The median extracellular fluid excess was higher in both the CKD and, CAPD patients when compared with healthy controls (1.26 and 1.21 L, respectively). Overhydration was more prevalent in CKD and CAPD patients (p50.001). Age, central systolic blood pressure, body mass index, fat mass, overhydration, CKD, eGFR were the major determinants of PWV. Conclusion: Increased PWV was found in stage 3B-5 CKD patients. Overhydration may contribute this increment.
Introduction. The Peritoneal Equilibration Test (PET) is employed to assess peritoneal membrane transport function. The purpose of the test is to determine the optimal peritoneal dialysis regimen. The performance of the test, which is conducted over 4 hours, is time consuming both for the nurses and the patient. There have been studies to validate an approved short version of the original PET protocol, and all have yielded different results. We evaluated the concordance between the 1-hour, 2-hour and 4-hour (classical) test results of the fast PET.
Methods. The study included 32 patients (20 males and 12 females). The patients underwent the 4-hour fast PET test, and the dialysate-to-plasma ratio of creatinine concentration (D/Pcrea) was determined. The standard deviation was added to or subtracted from the mean D/Pcrea ratios at hours 1, 2, and 4 to determine transport groups.
Results. The mean age of the patients was 51.4±16.7 years. Mean D/Pcrea ratios at hours 1, 2, and 4 were 0.41±0.07, 0.54±0.10, and 0.69+0.12, respectively. There was a strong correlation between the 4-hour D/Pcrea ratio and 1-hour (r=0.756, p<0.001) and 2-hour (r=0.867, p<0.001) D/Pcrea ratios. Seventeen patients (53%) were in the same transport group at hours 1, 2, and 4. Eighteen patients (56%) at 1 hour and 24 patients (75%) at 2 hours fell into the same transport group at 4 hours. The patients that fell into different transport groups at different time points showed a shift to a lower or higher transport group.
Conclusions. Two-hour fast PET gives promising results for clinical assessment purposes.
HD significantly improves PWV in patients reaching dry weight. Reduction of fluid excess by ultrafiltration in HD patients may reduce CV mortality by reducing arterial stiffness.
Sözcükler tarih boyunca biçim ve anlam bakımından çeşitli değişikliklere uğramaktadır. Bu değişikliklerin tespit edilmesi dilin gelişiminin ortaya çıkarılması bakımından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Harezm Türkçesinin en önemli ve kapsamlı eserlerinden biri ve Türkçenin tarihsel gelişim sürecinin tespit edilmesinde çok değerli bir kaynak kitap olan Nehcü'l-Ferâdîs'te al-fiili anlam ve yapı olarak incelenecektir. Bu çerçevede öncelikle Eski Türkçeden beri varlığını sürdüren söz konusu fiilin tek başına kullanıldığı yapılar taşıdığı anlamlara göre sınıflandırılarak örneklendirilecektir. Ardından bir isimle birlikte birleşik fiil oluşturduğu yapılar ve taşıdıkları anlamlar tespit edilecektir. Böylelikle Nehcü'l-Ferâdîs'te alfiilinin hangi anlamlarda ve yapılarda kullanıldığı tespit edilirken sözcüğün Eski Türkçeden günümüze kadarki tarihsel yolculuğunun bir dönemine de ışık tutulmaya çalışılacaktır.
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