This study was carried out to determine the main pigments in some different selected seaweeds and to reveal their antioxidant potential regarding the ever-increasing demand for utilization of marine pigments in human health and nutrition. The individual amounts of algal pigments were found by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and their total antioxidant capacities (TAC) by two spectrophotometric TAC assays, namely: CUPRAC (CUPric ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity) and ABTS/TEAC (2,2′-azinobis [3-ethyl benzo thiazoline-6-sulfonate])/(trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity). These two tests gave the same rank order for TAC. The TAC of HPLC-quantified compounds accounted for a relatively much lower percentage of the observed CUPRAC capacities of seaweed extracts, namely ranging from 11 to 68% for brown, from 4 to 41% for red and from 3 to 100% for green species, i.e., some TAC originated from chromatographically unidentified compounds. Fucoxanthin, chlorophyll a, and pheophytin a compounds were major pigments in brown algae. The relative carotenoid contents in red marine algae were generally lower than those of chlorophylls. Overall total quantities were quite low compared with those of brown species. In general, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were chiefly present in green algae, but β-carotene, violaxanthin and siphonaxanthin were also detected substantially higher in some species of green algae such as Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea and Codium fragile.
Analysis of plant growth regulators (PGRs) should be approached by considering their extremely low concentrations and serious interfering effects that result from the matrix of various plant tissues. In the current research, the separation and simultaneous determination of different classes of phytohormones in 14 seaweeds collected from Turkey seashores were achieved by using solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass detection method. OASIS HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) cartridges were successfully used for SPE process to eliminate the matrix effect and enhance the PGRs including zeatin, benzyl amino purine, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid within partially different polarities. Based on the optimized experimental conditions, the method presented excellent performance related to linearity (r, 0.9996–0.9999) within the ranges of 0.5–500 ng/mL, relative standard deviation values ((1.43–2.01) for intraday and (2.36–3.50) for interday)), the limit of detection (0.01–0.84 μg/L) and the limit of quantification (0.02–2.76 μg/L). The obtained results confirm that the SPE–liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method performed is highly effective and convenient for routine analyses of trace amounts of the tested phytohormones in seaweeds and any other plant samples as well.
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