Determination of Major Phytohormones in Fourteen Different Seaweeds Utilizing SPE–LC–MS/MS

Abstract

Analysis of plant growth regulators (PGRs) should be approached by considering their extremely low concentrations and serious interfering effects that result from the matrix of various plant tissues. In the current research, the separation and simultaneous determination of different classes of phytohormones in 14 seaweeds collected from Turkey seashores were achieved by using solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass detection method. OASIS HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) cartridges were successfully used for SPE process to eliminate the matrix effect and enhance the PGRs including zeatin, benzyl amino purine, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid within partially different polarities. Based on the optimized experimental conditions, the method presented excellent performance related to linearity (r, 0.9996–0.9999) within the ranges of 0.5–500 ng/mL, relative standard deviation values ((1.43–2.01) for intraday and (2.36–3.50) for interday)), the limit of detection (0.01–0.84 μg/L) and the limit of quantification (0.02–2.76 μg/L). The obtained results confirm that the SPE–liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method performed is highly effective and convenient for routine analyses of trace amounts of the tested phytohormones in seaweeds and any other plant samples as well.

Identification and Quantification of Plant Growth Regulators and Antioxidant Compounds in Aqueous Extracts of Padina durvillaei and Ulva lactuca

“…Another study involving fourteen seaweeds in the Turkey coast reported the presence of five PGRs (t-zeatine (t-Z), IAA, GA3, ABA, and 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) in two algae, namely Petalonia fascia (brown algae) and Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea (green algae), and the absence of GA3 and ABA in the eleven remaining seaweeds, including Sargassum vulgare and Ulva rigida, which are used to produce biofertilizers [22]. By contrast, this work identified nine PGRs (SA, IAA, ABA, JA, t-Z, IP, DHZ, GA4, and GA1) in extracts from two algae (P. durvillaei and U. lactuca) distributed along the Mexican Pacific coasts.…”

“…The presence and number of PGRs in algae and terrestrial plants differ according to the species or variety [12,22]. For example, Mori et al [41] reported the identification of auxins, cytokinins, and salicylic acid (SA), but not AG3 and jasmonates, in extracts of two red algae (Pyropia yezoensis and Bangia fuscopurpurea).…”

Thallusin Quantification in Marine Bacteria and Algae Cultures

“…For plant hormone profiling, our approach should be thus included in the workflow for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytohormones in marine bacteria [31,32] and algae [20,33,34]. Notably, already established methods for the purification and analysis of phytohormones from culture supernatants are particularly suitable for this purpose because they are based on solid phase extractions (SPEs) starting with an Oasis ® HLB-sorbent SPE [35][36][37]. We confirmed that thallusin can be extracted by this sorbent as well (data not shown).…”

The characterization and quantification of structures of Cajanus scarabaeoides phytochemicals and their seasonal variation analysis using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

“…A hyphenated ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to photodiode array detection (PDA) and electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS) system plays a vital role in the phytochemical analysis to explore the chemical identity of crude extracts and the structural diversity of compounds and to find novel metabolites. [19][20][21][22] It provides a short analysis time, greater resolution, lower solvent consumption, and extremely high sensitivity. 23 MS/MS or collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation technique is successfully used for the identification and structural characterization of different classes of compounds in complex plant extracts.…”