SUMMARYAn electrochemical-thermal-coupled model is used to predict performance of a Li-ion cell as well as its individual electrodes at various operating temperatures. The model is validated against the experimental data for constant current and pulsing conditions characteristic of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. The prediction of individual electrode potential is also compared with 3-electrode cell experimental data with good agreement. The predictive ability of the individual electrode behavior is very useful to address important issues related to electrode degradation and subzero performance of automotive Li-ion batteries.
Spherical β‐SiC powders that are a few micrometers in size have been prepared by heating a mixture of phenolic resin powder and fine‐grained fumed silica at 1600°C in argon. The overall process is composed of two consecutive steps: (i) the formation of silica‐coated spherical carbon powder and (ii) carbothermal reduction. The irregularly shaped resin powder transforms to a spherical‐shaped morphology in the first step, and the resulting silica‐coated spherical carbon powder is converted to β‐SiC in the second step. The key factor in the first step is the utilization of fumed silica that has hydrophobic surface functional groups. Hydrophobic interactions at the point of intimate contact between the resin powder and the silica likely reduce the surface energy of the resin powder, thereby discouraging interparticle coalescence. The resulting β‐SiC powder exhibits a radially developed columnar microstructure. Hollow β‐SiC spheres also can be prepared by controlling the reaction conditions in the carbothermal reduction step.
Considerable improvements can be obtained in battery performance for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) by employing an electrochemistry-transport model based on a multi-physics modeling framework and ultrafast numerical algorithms. One important advantage of this approach over the lumped equivalent circuit (or look-up table) approach is the ability of the former to adapt to changes in design and control. In this work, we present mathematical and numerical details of our approach, and demonstrate the robustness of this battery model in simulation of short-pulse charge/discharge characteristic of HEV driving cycles under room and low temperatures.
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