The pavement roughness is the main variable that produces the vertical excitation in vehicles. Pavement profiles are the main determinant of (i) discomfort perception on users and (ii) dynamic loads generated at the tire-pavement interface; hence its evaluation constitutes an essential step on a Pavement Management System. The present document evaluates two specific techniques used to simulate pavement profiles; these are the shaping filter and the sinusoidal approach, both based on the Power Spectral Density. Pavement roughness was evaluated using the International Roughness Index (IRI), which represents the most used index to characterize longitudinal road profiles. Appropriate parameters were defined in the simulation process to obtain pavement profiles with specific ranges of IRI values using both simulation techniques. The results suggest that using a sinusoidal approach one can generate random profiles with IRI values that are representative of different road types; therefore, one could generate a profile for a paved or an unpaved road, representing all the proposed categories defined by ISO 8608 standard. On the other hand, to obtain similar results using the shaping filter approximation, a modification in the simulation parameters is necessary. The new proposed values allow one to generate pavement profiles with high levels of roughness, covering a wider range of surface types. Finally, the results of the current investigation could be used to further improve our understanding on the effect of pavement roughness on tire pavement interaction. The evaluated methodologies could be used to generate random profiles with specific levels of roughness to assess its effect on dynamic loads generated at the tire-pavement interface and user's perception of road condition.Keywords: Random process, power spectral pensity, sinusoidal approximation, shaping filter, pavement profile, roughness. RESUMENLa rugosidad del pavimento es la principal variable que produce la excitación vertical en los vehículos. Los perfiles de pavimento son los principales responsables de (i) la incomodidad percibida por los usuarios y, (ii) las cargas dinámicas generadas en la interfaz entre el neumático y el pavimento, de ahí que su evaluación constituye un paso esencial en un Sistema de Gestión de Pavimentos. El presente documento evalúa dos técnicas específicas utilizadas para simular perfiles de pavimento; estos son los filtros de forma y la aproximación sinusoidal, ambos basados en la Densidad de Potencia Espectral. La rugosidad del pavimento se evaluó utilizando el Índice Rugosidad Internacional (IRI), el cual es el índice más utilizado para caracterizar rugosidad del perfil longitudinal de una vía. En la presente investigación se definieron parámetros apropiados en el proceso de simulación para obtener perfiles de pavimento con rangos específicos de los valores de IRI utilizando ambas técnicas de simulación. Los resultados sugieren que el uso de la aproximación sinusoidal puede generar perfiles aleatorios con valores de IRI que...
With the aim to reduce accident rates and assist in pedestrian traffic, in the city of Barranquilla (Colombia), electronic devices for speed control (speed cameras) have been installed on roads of high vehicular flow with difficulty in pedestrian transit. Traffic Calming Measures are described in the literature as a set of measures to regulate traffic on roads, ensure mobility, and reduce accidents. This article focuses its study on the impact of Traffic Calming Measures through electronic devices on urban or inner cities roads (capacity and operating speed on them). This study centers in the evaluation of the operational impact of speed cameras and the data of vehicular speed and flow collected through them in four main roads of the city, with the purpose of estimating models that establish relationships of speed-flow, and analyzing the impact of these Traffic Calming Measures on the vehicular capacity of urban roads. In the estimation of road capacity, a Greenshields model was applied, with which via speed-density and flow-density relationships, we aim to determine how operational transit is affected by the use of speed cameras. Conclusions show that operational transit is affected by diminishing road capacity between 7 to 41 percent and these Traffic Calming measures are ineffective to ease pedestrian traffic as is expected.
Pedestrian traffic in public space is associated with a level of service (LOS) that qualitatively describes the operating conditions according to the spaces available in square meters per pedestrian. Daily, people need to travel to their workplaces, schools, and universities, or to carry out any other activity using means of transportation such as walking, bicycle, car, or public transport, among others. In many cases, at least one walkable path is required regardless of the type of transport means selected to make a trip according to its accessibility. This article presents the analysis of piezoelectric power generation on the main street in the city of Barranquilla, Atlántico (Colombia), considering the pedestrian volume and the level of service of the sidewalks, according to the geometry of the road an energy consumption is estimated, then this data is compared with pedestrian accessibility indices (walkability index) of the city, with the aim of defining the functionality and applicability of the measure for the generation of energy from innovative and environmentally friendly sources. The results show that the city requires substantial modifications to make it more walkable, promoting active transportation and the inclusion of piezoelectric power generation strategies is an option to make a public space potentially sustainable.
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