Henriksson published in 1952 the first report of an intestinal bypass procedure for the treatment of obesity (1). In 1956, Payne and his colleagues found that the jejunocolic bypass was effective in treating morbid obesity, but that it was associated with numerous complications (2) which included arthritis in 32% of the patients (3,4). The procedure was modified to a jejunoileal anastomosis in an attempt to decrease complications.

Summary.— In 2 patients with toxic epidermal necrolysls due to penicillin and chlorpromazlne respectively, direct immunofluorescent studies revealed intercellular fixation of immunoglobulins and complement globulins confined to the basal cell Kiyer of the epidermis. These findings suggest that the drug binds to intercellular epidermal protein and that the basal cells are the target site of cellular damage in drug‐induced epidermal necrolysls.

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Summary.— We have reported a case of severe bullous erythema multiforme type of fixed drug eruption in which (1) multiple drugs were erroneously first indicated as the cause; (2) a false positive bullous patch test was obtained and discovered to be an intracorneal artefact, reflecting a new phenomenon, epidermal hysteresis; (3) a relationship to auto‐sensitization and pemphigus was discerned by the demonstration of direct intercellular immunofluorescence in the lower epidermis of the affected fixed sites only; (4) phenolphthalein was finally proven to be the specific cause by double‐blind oral challenge.