This research aims to evaluate the psychology properties of the construct validity for the Critical Thinking Disposition (CTD) instrument. The CTD instrument consists of 39 Likert-type items measuring seven dispositions, namely analyticity, open-mind, truth-seeking, systematicity, self-confidence inquisitiveness and maturity. The study involves 433 undergraduate students in University Putra Malaysia. The findings showed that the CTD has satisfactory construct validity with seven factors extracted and confirmed by confirmatory factor analyses. Construct validity results are supported with the Cronbach's alpha values which indicates high validity and reliability for the instrument to measure critical thinking dispositions.
There is evidence that functional training is beneficial for the overall physical fitness of athletes. However, there is a lack of a systematic review focused on the effects of functional training on athletes' physical fitness. Thus, the aimed of the present review is to clarify the effects of functional training on physical fitness among athletes. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) Statement guidelines, the systematic search of PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCOhost (SPORTDiscus), and CINAHL Plus databases was undertaken on the 2nd November 2020 to identify the reported studies, using a combination of keywords related to functional training, physical fitness, and athletes. From the 145 studies, only nine articles met all eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. The assessment was performed on the Pedro scale, and the quality of the study included in the nine studies was fair (ranging from 3 to 4). The results showed that speed (n = 6) was the aspect of physical fitness studied in functional training interventions, followed by muscular strength (n = 5), power (n = 4), balance (n = 3), body composition (n = 3), agility (n = 3), flexibility (n = 1) and muscular endurance (n = 1). Existing evidence concludes that functional training significantly impacts speed, muscular strength, power, balance, and agility. Furthermore, there are still limit numbers of evidence showing effect of functional training on flexibility and muscular endurance. In contrast, no significant improvement was found in body composition where functional training was conducted.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier: CRD4202123092.
The benefits of aerobic exercise for the elderly are well-known. They extend beyond cardiovascular changes and can reduce the inactivity-induced loss of strength, mobility, balance, and endurance that are vital for the safe performance of daily activities in older adults. However, the benefits of combined aerobic exercise with other exercises such as strength/resistance, multi-component and aerobic exercise remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of combined aerobic exercise on physical performance among the elderly, as opposed to single aerobic exercise. We searched four databases of SCOPUS, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and CINAHL Plus to find 18 articles that met criteria. Data was extracted using PICOs extraction tool and summarized using a narrative synthesis approach. Studies have shown that aerobics combined resistance/strength training (CEX), multi-component training (ME), and dance combined training has positive and significant effects on the physical performance (upper body strength and lower body strength, dynamic balance, fall risk, mobility, gait, agility, flexibility) of the elderly. CEX had additional benefits compared to aerobic training (AER) and resistance/strength training (RES) in gait speed, lower limb strength, and trunk fat. Furthermore, CEX was more effective than AER in improving sitting and stretching, elbow flexion, knee flexion, shoulder flexion and stretching, strength and body fat, function reach test, 30-s chair standing test and 6-min walking test, self-evaluation of body function. Therefore, the combination of multiple components contributes to the overall improvement in physical fitness of the elderly, thus preventing them from losing balance and reducing susceptibility to injury.Clinical Trial Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails], identifier [CRD42021213147].
BackgroundAlthough the elderly frequently engages in brisk walking as a form of exercise, little has been reported in the literature about the effect of brisk walking on health-related physical fitness, balance, and overall life satisfaction.ObjectivesThe purpose of this systematic review is to determine the effect of brisk walking on the elderly's health-related physical fitness, balance, and life satisfaction.DesignWe conducted a comprehensive search from the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases from January to September 2021. We selected studies through PICOS and conducted a systematic literature review according to the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsThirteen studies met all criteria; 11 were classed as low risk of bias, while two were classified as high risk of bias. Generally, brisk walking has been shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and body composition. Limited evidence was presented on flexibility, muscular endurance and development and life satisfaction, and there was conflicting evidence on balance. Moreover, evidence of restriction proves that high-intensity (80–85%) brisk walking is more effective than moderate-intensity (60–75%) brisk walking on the aerobic capacity of the elderly. Furthermore, there was less research conducted on males.ConclusionBrisk walking has been shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and body composition. Other outcomes (balance, flexibility, muscular endurance, and life satisfaction) and the impact of the intensity of brisk walking on the elderly should be confirmed. Therefore, there remains insufficient research on brisk walking, while single brisk walking cannot meet requirements of elderly in terms of their health-related physical fitness, balance, and life satisfaction. Future research should aim to examine the effectiveness of combining several types of exercises to promote general health in the elderly, as the World Health Organization recommends. Unintelligible FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) principles of brisk walking training should be trenched for the results of scientific and effective physical exercise.
Science is a knowledge discipline that is experimentally oriented. The science experiment is one of the core activities in science learning. It is a process that prioritises methods of investigation and problem-solving where the scientific method is employed. In science experiments, mastery of scientific process skills is required. Hence, it is crucial as this will expose students to scientific methods and knowledge. This study aims to identify what are the appropriate strategies that may be employed to augment learners’ science process skills. This article conducts a systematic literature review and twenty-two articles have been chosen to be analysed. The current study combined many research designs, where the review fulfilled the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) publishing standard. Web of Science and Scopus, two well-known databases, were used to discover articles for this study. This review includes a topic based on the thematic analysis which is strategies in mastering science process skills. The results show seven sub-themes based on the topic that are 1) Hands-on and minds-on implementation 2) Inquiry-based approach 3) Discovery learning 4) Strategic manipulative skills 5) Argumentation Skills 6) Using Information and Communication Technologies and 7) Implementing Engineering-oriented science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) Integration Activities. The research’s findings may motivate science educators to use the appropriate strategies while undergoing science experiments to improve SPS which are important competencies that can influence student’s performance in science learning.
Integrating Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) will benefit the national economy. Therefore, educators and school community have given appropriate attention to students that are competitive to fulfill the industrial economy needs. This research studied the nurturing of attitude towards STEM among students in developing interest in STEM careers by using the survey method. Research objective to determine direct influence between attitude towards STEM and development of STEM career interest among Form Four science stream students. A total of 398 Form 4 students from the science stream in secondary school in Selangor, Malaysia have been chosen as respondents. The Student Attitudes questionnaire toward Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (S-STEM) and interest in STEM career is used to study the influence of attitude towards STEM in developing STEM career aspiration among science stream students. Result of the study shows that the students attitude in developing STEM career recorded the value p =.002 and is significant with the value of p < 0.05. Besides, the effect of influence for the three attitude sub-constructs towards STEM which are science (0.65), technology & engineering (0.65) and mathematics (0.59) recorded the value of more than 0.3 which give a huge impact of research. Thus, the nurturing of attitude towards STEM among students provide a new dimension in the learning process for future need compared to considering it as a study requirement only for academic purpose.
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