Science is a knowledge discipline that is experimentally oriented. The science experiment is one of the core activities in science learning. It is a process that prioritises methods of investigation and problem-solving where the scientific method is employed. In science experiments, mastery of scientific process skills is required. Hence, it is crucial as this will expose students to scientific methods and knowledge. This study aims to identify what are the appropriate strategies that may be employed to augment learners’ science process skills. This article conducts a systematic literature review and twenty-two articles have been chosen to be analysed. The current study combined many research designs, where the review fulfilled the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) publishing standard. Web of Science and Scopus, two well-known databases, were used to discover articles for this study. This review includes a topic based on the thematic analysis which is strategies in mastering science process skills. The results show seven sub-themes based on the topic that are 1) Hands-on and minds-on implementation 2) Inquiry-based approach 3) Discovery learning 4) Strategic manipulative skills 5) Argumentation Skills 6) Using Information and Communication Technologies and 7) Implementing Engineering-oriented science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) Integration Activities. The research’s findings may motivate science educators to use the appropriate strategies while undergoing science experiments to improve SPS which are important competencies that can influence student’s performance in science learning.
Many countries desperately need manpower from the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) to help address the country's increasingly volatile economy. Barriers to implementation are identified when students are less exposed to STEM Education goals. Therefore, this study is to determine the main factor that could influence the development of STEM career interest among secondary school learners. Thus, the objective of this study is to develop a model towards the STEM career interest formation among Form 4 science stream students in Malaysia. This study uses quantitative study and proportionate stratified random sampling method in data collection. It involved 314 students Form 4 secondary school science stream in Selangor, Malaysia. The study used three instruments to collect data, namely S-STEM and interest in STEM careers, Science Motivation Questionnaire II (SMQ II), and Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ). Implementing correlational analysis between factors and simultaneous regression to determine the overall contributing with huge impacts of each factor towards the formation of STEM career interest among learners with the value of standardized regression weight for the determination coefficient (R 2 ) = 0.64. The result of the findings shows the crucial factors in this study are accurate there are attitudes towards STEM, 21st-century skills, science motivation, and parental authority significance with the huge contribution of the cultivation of learners' STEM careers interest entirely.
This paper focuses on the motivational factor in learning science encompassing the elements of self-efficacy, self-determination, intrinsic, grade, and career. These factors identified from previous research have a direct influence on the conception of careers related to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) among students. This study is a quantitative study using two surveys: Motivational Science Questionnaire (MSQ II) and career interest in STEM from the STEM Student Questionnaire (S-STEM). The questionnaire was modified and tailored to the purpose of this investigation. The objective of this research is to determine motivation as the main factor in science to develop students' interest in a STEM career among secondary students in Malaysia. A total of 419 Form Four students were the respondents of this study. The results show that motivation of indirect science learning can influence the development of Form 4 students' interest in STEM careers. The data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method which is in line with the self-determination theory to determine the strong influence of motivation on students' career. The result shows a very high influence of motivation towards science with a significantly high variance of 51% on the development of interest in STEM-related careers among Malaysian students.
Integrating Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) will benefit the national economy. Therefore, educators and school community have given appropriate attention to students that are competitive to fulfill the industrial economy needs. This research studied the nurturing of attitude towards STEM among students in developing interest in STEM careers by using the survey method. Research objective to determine direct influence between attitude towards STEM and development of STEM career interest among Form Four science stream students. A total of 398 Form 4 students from the science stream in secondary school in Selangor, Malaysia have been chosen as respondents. The Student Attitudes questionnaire toward Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (S-STEM) and interest in STEM career is used to study the influence of attitude towards STEM in developing STEM career aspiration among science stream students. Result of the study shows that the students attitude in developing STEM career recorded the value p =.002 and is significant with the value of p < 0.05. Besides, the effect of influence for the three attitude sub-constructs towards STEM which are science (0.65), technology & engineering (0.65) and mathematics (0.59) recorded the value of more than 0.3 which give a huge impact of research. Thus, the nurturing of attitude towards STEM among students provide a new dimension in the learning process for future need compared to considering it as a study requirement only for academic purpose.
Education system plays an important role when it is able to produce skilled labour in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics field (STEM) for industrial need. Increasing students' interest to explore science by integrating STEM in the learning process is the main agenda for the global education system to ensure the learning outcome for students to excel in the future is achieved. Therefore, the need to cultivate the attitude towards STEM and the motivation to learn science is the drive in the development of students' STEM career interest. Hence, this research will 1) Identify the direct effect of attitude towards STEM and 2) Identify the effect of mediator which is motivation to learn science towards the development of students' STEM career interest. This research is a quantitative research that uses questionnaire forms. The research respondents are comprised of 419 Form 4 science stream students in Selangor, Malaysia. The result from the study can answer the research questions by proving the influence of attitude towards STEM is significant (p=.002) and the huge effect of motivation in science as mediator (R2=.458) towards the development of students' STEM career interest. The result of the study is hoped to be able to give meaningful input towards students' learning as well as the importance of attitude towards STEM, and the motivation to learn science as a mediator could contribute towards detailed curriculum design and the teaching of science so that it will become more meaningful towards students' future.
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