Influência de biofilmes de fécula de mandioca e amido de milho na qualidade pós-colheita de mangas 'Tommy Atkins' RESUMOO presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de biofilme à base de fécula de mandioca e amido de milho na conservação pós-colheita de mangas 'Tommy Atkins'. Os frutos foram selecionados, lavados, desinfectados e revestidos com biofilmes de fécula de mandioca e amido de milho nas concentrações de 2%, 4% e 6%, e armazenados por até 21 dias a 12 ± 0,6ºC e 86% UR, mais período adicional de sete dias a 21 ± 2ºC e 67% UR. Os efeitos dos tratamentos foram avaliados por meio da perda de massa, estádio de maturação, firmeza da polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável e pH. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial de 7x4 (tratamentos x período de armazenamento), com quatro repetições. Pelos resultados, verifica-se que o uso de biofilmes de fécula de mandioca a 2% e amido de milho a 4% reduziram a perda de massa, mantiveram a firmeza e melhoraram o aspecto visual, permitindo um armazenamento por mais tempo sem perda da qualidade dos frutos. Palavras-chave:Atmosfera modificada, Mangifera indica L., películas de amido.Influence of cassava starch and corn starch biofilms on the post harvest quality of 'Tommy Atkins' mangos ABSTRACTThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of cassava starch and corn starch biofilm on the postharvest conservation of 'Tommy Atkins' mangos. The fruits were selected, washed, disinfected and coated with cassava starch and corn starch biofilm in the concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6%, and stored for 21 days at 12 ± 0.6ºC and 86 RH, plus an additional period of 7 days at 21 ± 2ºC and 67% RH. The effects of the treatments were evaluated by mass loss, maturation index, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content, titratable acidity and pH. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in 7x4 factorial scheme (treatments x storage periods), with four replications. The results indicate that the use of cassava starch at 2% and corn starch biofilms at 4% reduced the mass loss, maintained the firmness, improved the visual aspects and prolong the storage period without decreasing the fruits quality.

-Among the organisms acting in the natural biological control of tephritids, members of the family Braconidae are the most active form of natural parasite, and in Neotropical regions, members of Opiinae are the main control agents of Anastrepha. The objective of this work was to discover the percentage of parasitism and the species of braconid associated with fruit trees growing in cities on the southern coast of Bahia. During the period of August, 2005 to March, 2008, hosts fruits of fruit flies from several plant species were collected and from the fruits the following species of Anastrepha were obtained: A. fraterculus, A. obliqua, A. bahiensis, A. serpentina, A. sororcula and A. zenildae. Of the total of 838 specimens of braconids, 21.36% were of the species Utetes anastrephae (Viereck), obtained from yellow mombin, carambola, guava, mango and pitanga; 4.42% were of the species Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck) obtained from the fruits of the yellow mombin, carambola and guava, and only one example of Opius bellus Gahan (0.12%) that came from a guava sample. The species Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) (74.10%) was predominant and emerged from puparia from all the host fruits collected, probably due to the greater efficiency of this species in locating tephritid larvae. The mean percentage of parasitism by Anastrepha spp. was 4.45%.

The experiment evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficient (CDA) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), ether extract (EE) and crude protein (CP) of regional alternative ingredients of Semi-arid Northeast as flour of maniçoba hay (FM), of Leucaena hay (FL) and of cassava leaves (FFM), as well as cassava scrapings (RM) and residues of wine (RV) for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). CDA for DM, GE, EE and CP were 20.74%, 30.30%, 48.36% and 71.72% for FL, 19.34%, 17.08%, 30.03% and 44.88% for FM, 30.32%, -NOTA -23. 04%, 4.43% and 21.07% for FFM, 72.85%, 70.62%, 81.78% and 84.51% for RM and 33.38%, 50.80%, 79.39% and 67.25% for RV. The leucaena hay, the cassava scrapings and residues of wine are promising for the formulation of diets for Nile tilapia. However, the use of tested ingredients in commercial and homemade diets to Nile tilapia, as well as the safe inclusion levels of these should be tested.

Efeito do tratamento hidrotérmico e diferentes revestimentos na conservação pós-colheita de mangas 'Tommy Atkins' RESUMO Estudou-se a associação do tratamento hidrotérmico e atmosfera modificada na conservação pós-colheita de mangas 'Tommy Atkins'. A atmosfera modificada foi obtida através do uso de embalagens plásticas e biofilme de fécula de mandioca comestível a cera de carnaúba 50%. Os frutos foram submetidos ao tratamento hidrotérmico a 46,1ºC durante 75 min e, em seguida, partes desses frutos foram imersas em solução contendo 2% de fécula de mandioca e cera de carnaúba a 50%, sendo posteriormente secos por ventilação forçada, para a retirada do excesso da solução. Depois de tratados, os frutos foram acondicionados em caixas de papelão tipo exportação, revestidas com filmes plásticos. As caixas foram armazenadas sob refrigeração por 21 dias, sendo em seguida mantidas em temperatura ambiente por seis dias, quando eram realizadas diariamente as avaliações: perda de massa, firmeza da polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e pH. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições em um esquema fatorial 9x6 (tratamentos x períodos de armazenamento), sendo os dados interpretados por meio de análise de variância, aplicando-se a regressão a 5% para perda de massa dos frutos e o teste de Tukey a 5% para as demais variáveis. O uso da associação das atmosferas modificadas e do tratamento hidrotérmico reduziu de maneira significativa (P<0,05) à perda de massa dos frutos.

The main goal of this paper was to know the species diversity of frugivorous flies (Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) in Ilhéus, Uruçuca and Wenceslau Guimarães, municipalities in southern Bahia. In each sampled place five McPhail traps were used containing 5% corn hydrolyzed protein (Bio Anastrepha(c)), from July 2011 through December 2012. The captured adults were placed in plastic pots containing 70% alcohol, until identification, characterized according to diversity indexes of Shannon-Wiener, Margalef and equitability, and categorized according to the total number of captured flies: 2.24% species of genus Neosilba McAlpine (Lonchaeidae), and 97.76% species of genus Anastrepha Schiner, with 12 species reported, and Ceratitis capitata . The index fly/trap/day (FTD) oscillated from zero to 1.35 with the highest capture in March and April 2012, coinciding with the fructification period. The frugivorous flies captured were Anastrepha antunesi Lima, A. bahiensis Lima, A. consobrina (Loew), A. distincta Greene, A. fraterculus (Wied.), A. grandis (Macquart), A. leptozona Hendel, A. obliqua (Macquart), A. parallela (Wied.), A. serpentina (Wied.), A. sororcula Zucchi, A. zenildae Zucchi, C. capitata (Wied.), Neosilba glaberrima (Wied.) and Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal. Anastrepha fraterculus was the species with the highest index of frequency, dominance, abundance and constancy. It is the first register of A. consobrina in the state of Bahia.

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The aim of this study was to assess the germination and vigor of Bixa orellana seeds that were pre-soaked in different concentrations of Stimulate ® plant biostimulant. For the standard germination test, Bixa orellana seeds from the Embrapa 37 Cultivar were pre-soaked (for periods of four and eight hours) in the following concentrations of Stimulate ® aqueous solution: 3.0; 6.0; 9.0; and 12.0 mL L -1 . Seeds that were pre-soaked in distilled water were used as control. The following parameters were tested: germination; first germination count; abnormal seedlings; length; and seedling dry mass. The experimental design was completely randomized and a 2 x 5 + 1 factorial design was used (with two pre-soaking periods, five Stimulate ® concentrations, and one additional control without pre-soaking). Four replicates of 50 seeds were performed for each treatment. Water immersion treatments for four and eight hours were efficient for breaking dormancy in Bixa orellana seeds, since they promoted better germination in relation to the intact seeds that were not pre-soaked. The presoaking of Bixa orellana seeds for eight hours in a 12.0 mL L -1 Stimulate ® concentration presented the best results in terms of germinative performance and seedling growth, with greater accumulation of dry mass. Therefore, this practice is recommended for the production of seedlings of this species.

This paper reports the record of new species of Neosilba in the State of Bahia: Neosilba bella Strikis & Prado; Neosilba cornuphallus Strikis; Neosilba dimidiata (Curran); Neosilba ilheuense Strikis and Neosilba pseudozadolicha Strikis. Frugivorous fl ies were captured by McPhail traps, using a hydrolyzed protein at 5.0%, as attractant, and also obtained of fruits samples of native and exotic plant species, which were collected in domestic orchards in the South of Bahia. The specimens of Lonchaeidae were identifi ed according to McALPINE & STEYSKAL (1982), STRIKIS & PRADO (2006) andSTRIKIS (2011).