The template-based methods belong to low-cost and rapid preparation techniques for various nanostructures like nanowires, nanotubes, and nanodots or even quantum dots [QDs]. The nanostructured surfaces with QDs are very promising in the application as a sensor array, also called 'fluorescence array detector.' In particular, this new sensing approach is suitable for the detection of various biomolecules (DNA, proteins) in vitro (in clinical diagnostics) as well as for in vivo imaging.The paper deals with the fabrication of TiO2 planar nanostructures (QDs) by the process of titanium anodic oxidation through an alumina nanoporous template on a silicon substrate. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed that the average diameter of TiO2 QDs is less than 10 nm. Raman spectroscopic characterization of self-organized titania QDs confirmed the presence of an anatase phase after annealing at 400°C in vacuum. Such heat-treated TiO2 QDs revealed a broad emission peak in the visible range (characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy).
Featured Application: The intended application is in drug toxicity testing on cardiomyocytes, replacing experimental animals and investigating the signal of electrogenic cells.Abstract: Human cell cultures provide a potentially powerful means for pharmacological and toxicological research. A microplate with a multielectrode array of 96 organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based on the semiconductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythio-phene):poly (styrene sulfonic acid) PEDOT:PSS was developed and fabricated by the screen printing method. It consists of a microplate of a 12 × 8 chimney-well array with transistors on the bottom. The OECT is circular with a channel of 1.5 mm 2 in the centre surrounded by the circular gate electrode. The device is designed for electrogenic cell monitoring. Simulations with the electrolyte revealed good electrical characteristics and indicated the setup information of the experimental conditions. A transconductance of g = 1.4 mS was achieved in the wide range of gate voltages V gs = ±0.4 V when the drain potential V ds = −0.735 V was set and the long term relaxation was compensated for. The time constant 0.15 s limited by the channel-electrolyte charge electrical double layer (EDL) capacitance was measured. The device was tested on a 3T3 fibroblast cell culture and the sudden environmental changes were recorded. The living cells can be observed on the channel of the OECT and during electrical stimulation by gate voltage, as well as during the source current response.
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