Lumbar hernia is defined as the presence of failure in the transverse fascia or in the aponeurosis of the transverse abdominal muscle that results in the extrusion of intra or extra peritoneal organs through the discontinuity of the postero lateral abdominal wall. The aim of this study was to conduct a methodical review of the anatomy of the hernia form grynfelt dated from 1985 to 2016. For this, we performed a bibliographic review through electronic databases like SciELO, PubMed, Science Direct, LILACS and Bireme to get better approach to the subject. It has been found that the lumbar hernia is a disease little known by doctors whose diagnostics are often performed in the wrong way and for surgical correction needs a good anatomical knowledge. Lumbar hernias, although rare, must be taken into account, since ischemia of herniated intestinal segments can lead to the death of the patient, especially in the elderly. Knowledge about the anatomy of the lumbar region is of vital importance because it makes surgery safe and reduces risks of complications and recidivating of the hernia.

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Introdução: O Traumatismo Cranioencefálico (TCE) é uma importante causa de morte e incapacidade, gerando grande ônus aosserviços. Apesar do significativo impacto social, estudos epidemiológicos são escassos e limitam-se aos números de acidentes, sequelas,óbitos, gastos com internações e diagnóstico associado ao TCE. Objetivos: Descrever a frequência das lesões anatômicas no crânio eencéfalo, relacionando-as e comparando-as entre os mecanismos causais além de analisar dados epidemiológicos das mortes por causasviolentas associadas ao TCE. Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo e retrospectivo, baseado nos laudos emitidos pelo Instituto MédicoLegal (IML) de sujeitos que conste o TCE como uma das causas de óbito. Resultados: Dos 207 laudos, 15% eram de mulheres e 84%homens. Quanto aos mecanismos causais, acidentes representaram 63,80%, homicídios 32,40% e suicídios e causas indeterminadas1,90% cada. As lesões anatômicas foram quantificadas em relação aos principais mecanismos causais, sendo a mais comum em grandesvasos. Além disso, constatou-se uma diferença significativa entre o conjunto de lesões quando comparadas entre os mecanismos causais.Conclusões: O conhecimento sobre a etiologia do trauma e sua relação com a região anatômica afetada pode auxiliar na definição decondutas e no estabelecimento de ações de prevenção específicas que possam ser planejadas e aplicadas na prática.

Background. A brain neoplasm is a growth of abnormal cells in the brain. Brain tumors are dangerous because they can increase pressure on the brain and are associated to high mortality rates. Methods. This study evaluated 669 patients; however, 42 patients were excluded from the study since they were diagnosed with conditions different from neoplasm. Thus, 627 were enrolled in the study. The patients were investigated for histologic type, localization, topography and laterality, the influence of early extubation and the diagnosis and management of hydrocephalus. All the patients enrolled on this study had diagnostic of at least brain dysplasia. Results. Older patients (43±15.9) group significantly demonstrated the need for more urgency surgery compared to younger ones (30±14.6) (p<0.0001). Patients with previous surgery remained in the hospital, longer than patients that developed their first surgery (p=0.0171). This study demonstrated that the presence of hydrocephalus impacted in patients leading to increasing the duration of surgery (p<0.0001), length stay at intensive care unit (p=0.0023) and hospital (p<0.0001) respectively. This study found the early extubation protocol was associated to decreased duration of surgery (p<0.0001), also reduces length stay on intensive care unit (p<0.0001) and hospital stay (p<0.0001) respectively. Conclusions. Low-grade gliomas were found in majority of females in the study, also, a male predominance among patients with craniopharyngioma. Early extubation was associated with a reduced duration of surgery and a shorter length of stay in the hospital and ICU. Hydrocephalus was associated with longer surgeries, increased length of stay in ICU and hospital.

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