R E S U M OA expressão dos caracteres de produção do trigo depende de estímulos genéticos e ambientais. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar, neste estudo, a expressão de caracteres de produção em trigos a partir de sua aptidão tecnológica para elucidar se cultivares com maior valor de alveografia também exigem maior fornecimento de N na elaboração dos componentes de produtividade de grãos em distintos sistemas de cultivo. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições no esquema fatorial 2 x 4, para as cultivar [BRS Guamirim (classe básico) e Fundacep Cristalino (classe melhorador)] e doses de nitrogênio [0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha -1 (sistema milho/trigo) e 0, 40, 80, 120 kg ha -1 (sistema soja/trigo)]. O maior fornecimento de N-fertilizante na elaboração dos componentes de produção de trigo não tem apoio na classe tecnológica da cultivar, independentemente do sistema de cultivo; assim, cultivares de trigo de elevada qualidade tecnológica podem expressar valores médios nos componentes de produção superiores àqueles de menor qualidade.The expression of the components of wheat yield by technological class and nitrogen use A B S T R A C TThe expression of the characteristics of wheat production depends on the genetic and environmental stimuli. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the expression of production traits in wheat from its technological ability to elucidate whether cultivars with the highest alveography also require greater supply of N in the preparation of the components of grain yield in distinct cropping systems. The experimental design adopted was a randomized block with four replications in a factorial 2 x 4, consisting of two cultivars [BRS Guamirim (basic class) and Fundacep Cristalino (improver class)] and four levels of nitrogen [0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha -1 (corn/wheat system) and 0, 40, 80, 120 kg ha -1 (soybean/ wheat system)]. The highest supply of N-fertilizer in the preparation of components of wheat production has no support in the technological class of the cultivar regardless of the cropping system. Therefore, cultivars of high quality wheat technology can express the components of mean values higher than those from lower quality produce. Palavras-chave:Triticum aestivum L. classe tecnológica nitrogênio relação C/N
Silvicultural and ecological knowledge about tree species is basic to restoration planning, particularly in high diversity regions. Here we present a comparison of four native tree species from the middle Uruguay River basin, Brazil-Argentine frontier: Heliocarpus americanus L. (Malvaceae), Maclura tinctoria (L.) D. Don ex Steud. (Moraceae), Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) and Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud. (Boraginaceae). We obtained data on initial growth, light interception, litterfall and litter mineral contents. H. americanus presented the greatest height and the lowest value of height/crown width ratio. H. americanus and M. tinctoria presented the highest light interception rate (>94 %) and highest litterfall (879 ± 151 and 792 ± 164 g·m-2·year-1, respectively). For the set of species, the lowest litterfall occurred between July and September. H. americanus presented the highest K concentration (1.13%) in the litter, while C. trichotoma had the highest values of Ca and Mg (6.35 and 2.02 %, respectively). S. terebinthifolius had the lowest light interception rate and litter mineral content.
of neotropical pioneer and early secondary tree species. Biota Neotrop. 9(1): http://www.biotaneotropica.org. br/v9n1/en/abstract?article+bn01109012009. Abstract:The increased forest cover loss in the tropical and subtropical regions has stimulated the development of restoration methods through tree plantations. Based on the successional model of forest development the use of different successional groups can be seen as a strategy to accelerate the re-composition of forests and an attempt to recover ecological conditions prior to disturbance. Tree species have particular growth rates and ecological needs, and this knowledge is important in the development of high diversity models of forest restoration. The objective of this study was to compare the initial growth and litterfall of native pioneer versus early secondary tree species in a mixed plantation system, and to determine the relationships between guilds and measurements. The comparison among species and guilds was made based on dendrometric and allometric parameters, and in terms of annual litterfall. The study was carried out in the Guarita Indian Area, Tenente Portela, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Dendrometry of seven species was evaluated, including the pioneer tree species Mimosa scabrella Bentham, Trema micrantha (L.) Blume, Schinus molle L., Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong, and the early secondary tree species Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub., Cedrela fissilis Vell. and Tabebuia alba (Cham.) Sandwith. The litterfall was quantified for the first six species. The pioneer tree species exhibited higher average height, stem diameter and crown width than the early secondary tree species. The pioneer species (except E. contortisiliquum) showed also higher values of average annual litterfall. A positive interspecific correlation between stem diameter and annual litterfall was observed. The data indicate that the choice of the species and guilds is significant to the quality of the restoration. Nevertheless, the aboveground architecture may depend on species-specific allometric characteristics and a distinction among guilds was not observed. Keywords: restoration ecology, secondary succession, allometry, successional guilds.BENVENUTI-FERREIRA, G., COELHO, G.C., SCHIRMER, J. & LUCCHESE, O.A. Dendrometria e produção de serapilheira de espécies arbóreas neotropicais pioneiras e secundárias iniciais. Biota Neotrop. 9(1): http:// www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v9n1/pt/abstract?article+bn01109012009.Resumo: A perda de cobertura florestal em regiões tropicais e subtropicais tem motivado o desenvolvimento de modelos de restauração florestal através do plantio de espécies arbóreas. Tendo como base o modelo sucessional, o uso concomitante de espécies de diferentes categorias sucessionais pode ser visto como uma estratégia no sentido de acelerar o retorno a condições prévias à perturbação. As espécies arbóreas têm ritmos de crescimento e necessidades ecológicas diferentes e este conhecimento é importante para o desenvolvimento de modelos de restauração floresta...
Os agrotóxicos são agentes formados por uma grande variedade de moléculas químicos (principalmente) ou biológicos, desenvolvidos para matar, eliminar, acabar ou repelir organismos indesejáveis. Geralmente, além de cumprirem o papel de proteger as culturas agrícolas das pragas, doenças e plantas daninhas, eles têm ação sobre a saúde humano, além do afetarem o meio ambiente, fauna e flora. Pincipalmente, pelo uso incorreto e indiscriminado dos compostos químicos. O trabalho foi elaborado através de uma revisão de literatura. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos dos três grupos químicos mais utilizados no Brasil, entre eles foram escolhidos um com efeito herbicida (ÁCIDO 2,4 DICLOROFENÓXIACÉTICO), um com efeito inseticida (ACEFATO) e outro com o efeito fungicida (TEBUCONAZOL).
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