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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endovascular treatment of wide-neck, complex, and distally located cerebral aneurysms is a challenging issue. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of dual stent placement by using a low-profile stent system (LEO Baby) for the treatment of challenging distal intracranial aneurysms.

Bronchial artery embolization for massive hemoptysis with Embosphere particles 700-900 µm in size is a safe and effective method with high technical and clinical success rates. Long-term results are excellent.

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The higher prevalence of the MRI finding of an accessory anterolateral talar facet in ankles with and without symptoms is not statistically significant. This facet may be associated with subjacent talar bone marrow edema-like change on MR images of individuals with and those without symptoms and with sinus tarsi fat obliteration in individuals with symptoms.

Left brachiocephalic vein (LBCV), one of the major veins draining upper extremity, head and neck region, has rare anatomic variations. Circumaortic type, an extremely uncommon variation, is presented here; this was incidentally detected on computed tomography images. In this case, circumaortic LBCV had two branches; one was normally placed brachiocephalic vein anterior to the aortic arch, and the other one was the anomalous branch with a retroaortic course.

Background: Accumulation of macrocyclic gadolinium agents in children's brains remain to be determined. Purpose: To demonstrate whether there is an intracranial macrocyclic gadolinium deposition after multiple contrastenhanced MRI with gadoterate meglumine in a pediatric population. Study Type: Retrospective case-control. Population: In all, 45 children (age range: 5-17 years; mean, 13.7 AE 3.4 years) for the study group and 45 healthy children (age range: 5-17 years; mean, 13.7 AE 3.4 years) for the control group. Field Strength/Sequence: T 1 -and T 2 -weighted axial images on a 1.5T scanner. Assessment: Children with at least three enhanced brain MRIs and an age-and sex-matched control group with an unenhanced brain MRIs were compared in terms of T 1 signal intensity (SI). All patients in the study group received gadoterate meglumine intravenously (0.1 mmol/kg). SI measurements were made by drawing six regions of interest (ROIs): dentate nuclei (DN), pons, globus pallidi (GP), frontal white matter (FWM), thalamus (T), clivus, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for both groups on unenhanced T 1 -weighted images. Statistical Tests: Student's t-test was used for comparison of SI. The Pearson correlation was calculated for the correlation between the SI and the number of gadolinium administrations. Results: A significant difference was detected between two groups for DN/CSF, pons/CSF, GP/CSF, thalamus/CSF, and FWM/CSF (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.002, P = 0.002, P = 0.024, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups for clivus/CSF (P = 0.15). A good correlation between the number of gadoterate meglumine administrations and the SI for DN/CSF, pons/CSF, GP/CSF, and T/CSF (r = 0.80, r = 0.73, r = 0.91, and r = 0.90, respectively) was found. Data Conclusion: A significant T 1 SI increase reflecting gadolinium retention in the brain was detected for children with at least three gadoterate meglumine administrations in this series. The number of administrations correlated well with the increased SI. Level of Evidence: 3 Technical Efficacy Stage: 5

Objectives To evaluate the primary patency rate at three years for the infra-aortic peripheral arterial pathologies treated with polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent-grafts. Methods Patients treated with self-expandable polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent-grafts for infra-aortic peripheral arterial aneurysms, pseudo-aneurysms, and arterio-venous fistulas were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 48 patients (35 male, 13 female; mean age: 53.8 ± 13.5) were included with 29.0 ± 16.5 months (median 27, range 4–70) mean follow-up period. The primary objective was to determine the primary patency rate at three years. The secondary objectives were to compare type and localization of pathology, and length and diameter of the stent-grafts with primary patency rate. Kaplan–Meier test was used as the main statistical method. Results Overall mean primary patency rate at three years was 77.10%. Polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent-graft implantation in aneurysms had worse primary patency rate than pseudo-aneurysms and arterio-venous fistulas (66.6%, P = 0.03; 76.9%, P = 0.03; 88.2%, P = 0.01, respectively). Stent-graft location, length, and diameter are not associated with primary patency rate ( P > 0.05) but stent diameter is associated with better primary assisted and secondary patency rates ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Pathology of the lesion is associated with the long-term primary patency rate of polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent-grafts but not the stent-graft location, length, or diameter. Stent diameter is associated with primary assisted and secondary patency rates.