Nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism refers to a spectrum of clinical and radiologic disorders caused by embolization of the pulmonary artery vasculature by various cell types, microorganism, and foreign bodies. Awareness of the imaging and clinical features of the nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism may facilitate prompt diagnosis.
Left brachiocephalic vein (LBCV), one of the major veins draining upper extremity, head and neck region, has rare anatomic variations. Circumaortic type, an extremely uncommon variation, is presented here; this was incidentally detected on computed tomography images. In this case, circumaortic LBCV had two branches; one was normally placed brachiocephalic vein anterior to the aortic arch, and the other one was the anomalous branch with a retroaortic course.
Objective
It has been observed that the degree of pulmonary involvement shown in chest computed tomography (CT) scans tended to decrease as the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection decreased in the Turkish population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the disease severity based on chest CT scans and the temporal evolution of the epidemic.
Methods
This study recruited 179 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 disease who had received a chest CT scan between March 14 and April 28, 2020. The participants were divided into three successive temporal groups based on their date of CT examination. The early (March 14–29), mid (March 30–April 13), and late (April 14–28) groups were compared regarding the presence and extent of pulmonary involvement and CT characteristics of lesions.
Results
COVID‐19 pneumonia was less extensive in participants under 45 years of age and patients presenting late in the course of epidemic (i.e., the late group) compared those presenting earlier. When each group was subcategorized on the basis of age, older patients in the late group had less extensive lung involvement than older patients in the early group. However, there was no significant difference in the extent of lung involvement in younger patients between the late and early groups.
Conclusion
The severity of COVID‐19 pneumonia appears to be variable at different temporal windows of the epidemic curve and decreases in patients presenting in the later weeks compared to the earlier weeks, particularly in older patients.
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