El chile ancho (variedad cardenal y sargento) es uno de los principales cultivos de la región de Rodeo, Durango, México, gracias a su significado culinario, su utilidad agroindustrial e Importancia como producto nacional comercializable. Lamentablemente sufre grandes daños causados por hongos; a mayor escala se presenta el Fusarium oxysporum, que origina marchitez en el chile y, en consecuencia, pérdidas económicas considerables. Este escrito evalúa el efecto de la aplicación vía foliar del aceite esencial de orégano en las plantas, con el fin de controlar el índice de daño causado por este hongo presente en el suelo. El artículo se desarrolla a través de la recolección de muestras de suelo, para identificar el hongo mediante la técnica de flotación; así, es posible lograr esta identificación mediante microscopio 4X, controlando orgánicamente la toxina con el aceite esencial de orégano de la variedad Lippia graveolens. Para esto se toman cuatro concentraciones de 1,5; 1,0; 0,5 y 0 mL este último como testigo, y se aplican tres réplicas para cada una, en cuatro variables por evaluar: (a) altura de planta; (b) peso de hojas; (c) peso de raíz, (d) diámetro del tallo, y (e) número de ramas. Los resultados arrojan que las concentraciones de 0,5 y 1,5 mL de aceite esencial cuentan con mejores condiciones de peso de la planta y mayor frondosidad. De este modo, el testigo se estabiliza, y en la concentración 1,0 se observan pérdidas de baja escala.
A business solution is proposed for the accumulation of waste in the Municipality of Choco without prior treatment through the establishment of a center for the reception, classification, recovery and use of solid plastic waste in the Municipality of Quibdo, which would optimize and expand the management of plastic waste. In this study, the basic diagnosis of the practices that are currently carried out in Quibdo is evaluated with the appropriation of the knowledge of the population, the technical structuring of the conditions of production of plastic wood is carried out from the management of plastic waste, recognition of the market for waste generated as an alternative for development and sustainable growth and the financial feasibility of the project and the profitability of each of the investment plans for its implementation. The results of the investigation include the identification of weaknesses and opportunities in waste management practices and the proposal of two investment plans for the establishment of the center. It is concluded that investment plan 2 would require 46,590.50 USD less than investment plan 1, equivalent to a 2.21% return compared to investment plan 1.
Agriculture is one of the economic activities with the most potential in Colombia, given its climatic and geographical conditions. Bean cultivation is classified as climbing, which grows in a branched way, and bushy, whose growth occurs up to 70 cm. The objective of this research was to study zinc and iron sulfates in different concentrations as fertilizers capable of increasing the nutritional value of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), whose strategy is known as biofortification, and thus determine the most effective sulfate. The methodology details the sulfate formulations, their preparation, the application of additives, sampling and quantification methods of total iron, total zinc, °Brix, carotenoids, chlorophylls a, b, and antioxidant capacity using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method in leaves and pods. As for the results, it was found that biofortification with iron sulfate and zinc sulfate is a strategy that favors the country’s economy and human health, because it allows the increase of minerals, antioxidant capacity and total soluble solids.
Background Colombia has great potential for the production of clean energy through the exploitation of residual biomass produced in the agricultural sector, such as residues obtained from the life cycle of rice production. This document presents a study to examine the combustion of rice husks as a strategy for an energy alternative in the Tolima department of Colombia. Through a mixed approach methodology, the physicochemical characteristics of the rice husk were analyzed to characterize the raw material. Subsequently, through the use of the System Advisor Model (SAM) software, a bioenergy plant was modeled to obtain biochar, bio-oil, and biogas from the combustion of rice husks and generate performance matrices, such as thermal efficiency, heat rate, and capacity factor. Then, the project was evaluated for financial feasibility using a mathematical model of net present value (NPV) with a planning horizon of 5 years. Finally, the population was surveyed to assess perspectives on the project in the region. Results The results of the rice hulk physicochemical properties were: nitrogen content (0.74%), organic carbon (38.04%), silica (18.39%), humidity determination (7.68%), ash (19.4%), presence of carbonates (< 0.01%) and pH (6.41). These properties are adequate for the combustion process. The simulation in SAM showed that the heat transferred in the boiler was 3180 kW, maintaining an efficiency between 50–52% throughout the 12 months of the year, meaning that the rice husk can generate electricity and thermal energy. The financial analysis showed that the internal rate of return (IRR) was 6% higher than the opportunity interest rate (OIR), demonstrating the economic feasibility of the project. Conclusion The design and creation of a rice husk processing plant is socially and environmentally viable with the potential to contribute to the economic development of the Tolima community and reduce greenhouse gases. Likewise, this activity has the potential to promote energy security for consumers and environmental sustainability while at the same time being economically competitive.
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