Background Osteoarticular infections are serious invasive pathologies in the pediatric population. They have high morbidity, especially if antimicrobial treatment is inadequate and late. Based on pediatric series patients with osteomyelitis require prolonged antibiotic schemes, long stay and high hospital costs, multiple surgical procedures and develop short and long-term sequelae. Methods A retrospective, observational, longitudinal and analytical study was conducted in patients under 17 years of age diagnosed with osteomyelitis at the National Institute of Pediatrics from January 2009 to January 2019. Demographic information, clinical presentation, microbiological, treatment and six-month follow-up were recorded. Results A total of 109 patients were included, 57 (52%) males with median age of 98 (1-205) months with predominance in previous healthy (66%). By temporality, the chronic form predominated in 72%. The history of trauma was identified in 26% and fracture 19%. The most affected bone was femur 26%. Blood culture was performed in 55%, secretion culture in 52.2% with isolation in 56%. Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) was the main agent identified. Complications occurred in 37%, the most frequent was surgical wound infection in 13% followed by fracture 11%. Risk factors for complications were chronic osteomyelitis RR 5.7 (CI 1.8-17.9), Sepsis/Shock RR 3.8 (CI 1.08-13-8) and MSSA infections RR 2.7 (CI 1.01-7.5); Risk factors for surgical site infection included initial fracture RR 3.5 (CI 1-11), local ulcer RR 4.2 (CI 1.3-13.06) and MSSA infection RR 5.9 (CI 1.8-19.4). Risk factors for limitation to movement included chronic osteomyelitis RR 4.87 (CI 1.6-14), fever RR 2.5 (CI 1.15-5.5), Sepsis/shock RR 5.3 (CI 1.3-20) (p 0.013) and MSSA infection RR 4.1 (CI 1.4-11.9). Conclusion Osteomyelitis is still a health problem in our country. The diagnosis of osteomyelitis may be challenging as lack of suspicion often leads to delayed diagnosis. Knowledge of the risk factors for complications in pediatric patients could be useful to give early and proper antibiotic and surgical treatment. It is a priority to have a multidisciplinary team for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarticular infections. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
La epifisiolistesis femoral proximal es el desplazamiento de la epífisis sobre la metáfisis femoral proximal en la zona hipertrófica de la fisis o cartílago de crecimiento.1-4 Es la alteración de la cadera más común en los adolescentes, con incidencia global estimada en 1 de cada 1000 a 1 de cada 10,000 pacientes;5,6 el principal factor de riesgo es la obesidad,7 que aumenta en 1-650 casos para obesidad y 1-450 para obesidad severa.8 El 60% de los pacientes afectados se encuentra por arriba del percentil 90 para el género y la edad; sin embargo, la enfermedad es más frecuente en hombres que en mujeres (1.5:1) y el lado izquierdo suele ser el más afectado. La edad media para los hombres es de 13.5 años (cuando no han alcanzado el estadio IV de Tanner) y para las mujeres de 12 años, sin menarquia. Esta alteración es excepcional en pacientes menores de 10 y mayores de 16 años.6 Otros factores de riesgo incluyen: hipotiroidismo, deficiencia de la hormona de crecimiento, antecedente de radiación y trastornos genéticos (trisomía 21).9-12
En México, las deformidades congénitas de las extremidades pélvicas representan un reto terapéutico asociado con pronóstico sombrío.1 En concreto, las hemimelias tibial y peronea, y las hipoplasias femorales proximales, por su alto costo y complejidad técnica, suelen terminar en amputación o persistencia de la deformidad en la vida adulta.2 Ambas situaciones repercuten en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, que se refleja en la falta de integración a la sociedad e incapacidad para tener una vida autosustentable e independiente.
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