The patients with aortic aneurysm, especially aortic arch aneurysm, are prone to have aortic dissection. For investigation of the effect of aneurysm and wall stiffness on wall stress distribution, both the nonaneurysm arch model and the aneurysm arch model are constructed. The fluid structure interaction in the arch model of aorta was implemented. The results show the stresses are much higher at inflection points in aneurysm model than in nonaneurysm model, and the stresses at media in stiffened wall are higher than in unstiffened wall. The high composite stress is located at inflection points and is much higher in aneurysm model. The arch aneurysm and wall stiffening are important determinants of peak wall stress in aortic wall.
Objective
Headache is a common public health problem, but its burden could be avoided by raising headache awareness and the appropriate use of acute medication and prophylactic medication. Few reports on raising headache awareness in the general public have been reported, and there are no reports on headache awareness campaigns in Japan. We prospectively performed Itoigawa Headache Awareness Campaign from August 2021 to June 2022 and evaluated its effectiveness to the general public.
Methods
The main target group was the general public, especially those aged 15–64 y.o. We performed 2 projects; Project 1; Leaflet and paper-based headache awareness during COVID-19 vaccination, and Project 2; On-demand e-learning and online survey through schools. In these projects, we emphasize the 6 important topics for the general public, which were described in the Clinical Practice Guideline for Headache Disorders 2021. The awareness of the 6 topics among the 2 main projects’ cohorts before and after the campaign was evaluated.
Results
We obtained 4016 valid responses in project 1 and 2577 in project 2; thus, 32.23% of the working-age population of Itoigawa city experienced these projects. The ratios of individuals who know the 6 topics significantly increased after the 2 projects from 7–40% to 64–92% (p < 0.001, all).
Conclusions
We conducted this Itoigawa Headache Awareness Campaign through 2 main projects with improved ratios of individuals who know about the headache. The 2 methods of community-based awareness projects could raise headache awareness less costly and effectively.
The biosynthesis of polyesters by Alcaligenes eutrophus from some unusual amino acids having a linear carbon skeleton was investigated. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3 HB)) or poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (P(3HB-co-3HV)) was found to be accumulated in the cells when a-amino acids with a linear carbon skeleton were used as the sole carbon source. The 3HV mole fractions in copolyesters ranged up to 70%. The following pathway is proposed; the a-amino acid with a linear carbon skeleton is at first metabolized to form the a-keto acid by oxidative deamination with transaminase. Then the resulted a-keto acid is converted into acyl-CoA by oxidative decarboxylation, and the acyl-CoA is further metabolized to the 3HB or 3HV unit through the same pathway as the fatty acids. P(3HB) was found to be produced from a-amino acids having a linear skeleton with odd carbon number, whereas P(3HB-co-3HV) arises from aamino acids having a linear skeleton with even carbon number. This regularity is inverse to that of fatty acids, because amino acids are decarboxylated, with a reduction of one carbon atom, and then enter into the same synthetic pathway as fatty acids to form polyesters. On the other hand, when w-amino acids with a linear carbon skeleton were used as the sole carbon source, accumulation of polyesters was scarcely detected.
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