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An ovel series of C12-keto-type saxitoxin (STX) derivatives bearinga nu nusualn onhydrated form of the ketone at C12 has been synthesized,a nd their Na V -inhibitory activity has been evaluated in ac ell-based assay as well as whole-cell patch-clamp recording. Among these compounds, 11-benzylidene STX (3a)s howedp otent inhibitory activity againstn euroblastoma Neuro2Ai nboth cell-baseda nd electrophysiological analyses,w ithE C 50 and IC 50 valueso f8 .5 and 30.7 nm,r espectively.I nterestingly,t he compound showed potent inhibitory activity against tetrodotoxin-resistant subtype of Na V 1.5, with an IC 50 value of 94.1 nm.D erivatives 3a-d and 3f showedl ow recovery rates from Na V 1.2 subtype (ca4 5-79 %) comparedt on atural dcSTX (2), strongly suggesting an irreversible mode of interaction. We propose an interaction model for the C12-ketod erivatives with Na V in which the enonem oiety in the STX derivatives 3 worksa sM ichaela cceptorf or the carboxylateo fA sp 1717 .

Because of interest in the relationship between vertical wind velocity skewness and the stability, considerable data of skewness observed by many workers are accumulated and an empirical formula about the relationship mentioned above is derived. It appears to be in considerable agreement with observed data.

SUMMARYA hybrid mass damper system with convertible active and passive modes using a hydraulic actuator (hereinafter referred to as APMD) has been installed to an actual slender tall building with an aspect ratio of eight constructed in Chiba prefecture. In this paper, simulation analysis, force vibration tests and observation of behaviours against moderate wind or some earthquake excitations were carried out to investigate the response control performance of the mass damper system. From the analysis, it was conÿrmed that on the active mode due to the vibration tests, the damping factors in the 1st mode were about 8 -11 per cent, the satisfactory vibration control e ect was obtained, and no spillover in the second mode occurred. The response values of the peak and the R.M.S. accelerations under the active mode due to the actual wind excitations were reduced to 1=4:5-1=2:0 (average 1=3) in comparison with the responses in non-controlled system. Through the results obtained by these investigations, it was concluded that the mass damper system was quite e ective for the response control of the slender tall building to wind loads or earthquakes.