<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> This study was carried out to identify the predictors of urethral stricture recurrence after dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft (BMG) urethroplasty. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> The medical records of patients with anterior urethral stricture who underwent dorsal onlay BMG urethroplasty at a single tertiary medical center during the period from March 2010 to January 2018 were reviewed. Only patients with ≥2-year follow-up were included. Data regarding patient demographics, clinical characteristics, stricture characteristics, postoperative course, and adverse events were recorded. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess the recurrence-free survival and likelihood of stricture recurrence. Cox regression analysis was used to identify potential independent predictors of stricture recurrence. <b><i>Results:</i></b> This study included 266 patients with a mean age of 37.71 years and a mean follow-up period of 49.77 months. From the overall study cohort, 34 (12.8%) reported stricture recurrence and 232 (87.2%) were not. The mean recurrence-free time was 79.93 months and mean time to recurrence was 21.59 months. On multivariate analysis, obesity (hazard ratio (HR): 6.02; 95% conference interval (CI): 1.91, 19.03: <i>p</i> = 0.002), inflammatory aetiology (HR: 9.13; 95% CI: 3.50, 23.81; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), prior urethroplasty (HR: 8.81; 95% CI: 3.26, 23.86; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), penile stricture location (HR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.10, 8.71; <i>p</i> = 0.033), and stricture length &#x3e;4.5 cm (HR: 6.83; 95% CI: 1.69, 27.62; <i>p</i> = 0.007) were the significant independent predictors of stricture recurrence. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Dorsal onlay BMG urethroplasty has a reasonable recurrence-free rate with acceptable postoperative complications. Obesity, inflammatory etiology, prior urethroplasty, penile stricture location, and longer stricture were the factors associated with urethral stricture recurrence.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the outcome of ECIRS in the treatment of partial staghorn renal calculi in both prone split-leg positions versus GMSV positions with regard to; technical aspects, success rate, operative time, complications, safety, and effectiveness of both approaches. Patients and methods: Between October 2018 and August 2021, 66 patients with partial staghorn calculi were enrolled in this prospective comparative study. Patients were randomly divided according to a 1:1 ratio into two groups. Group A included 33 patients who were treated by (ECIRS) in the prone split-leg position, and group B included 33 patients who were treated by (ECIRS) in the Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia (GMSV) position. Results: No significant statistical difference between both groups regarding the mean age (p = 0.448), mean body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.137), mean stone burden (p = 0.435), mean operative time (p = 0.541) and the number of calyces located in branched stones (p = 0.628). The mean hospital stay was 6.71 ± 1.12 days for group A and 6.66 ± 1.10 days for group B patients (p = 0.724). The final SFR was achieved in (29)87.87% and (30)90.9% of group A & B patients, respectively (p = 0.694). No significant difference was detected between both groups in perioperative complication rates. Conclusion: ECIRS is safe and effective in treating partial staghorn calculi either in the prone split-leg position or in the Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia position, with comparable outcomes and no statistically significant difference between both positions.

Objective: To report detailed technique and results of one stage dorsal onlay buccal mucosa graft for repair of anterior urethral strictures. Patients and methods: A total of 45 males with anterior urethral stricture ≥ 2.5 cm not amenable for excision and primary anastomosis. All patients underwent one-stage dorsal onlay buccal mucosa urethroplasty. Their ages ranged from 14 to75 years (mean of 35.5 yr). A successful outcome means normal voiding pattern without any post-operative intervention. Results and limitations: The stricture was iatrogenic in 15 (33.3%) cases, idiopathic in 12 (26.7%), traumatic in 10 (22.2%) cases, and post inflammatory in 8 (17.8%) cases. The mean operative time was 158 minutes. The mean stricture length was 5.6 cm (range: 2.5-16 cm), while, the mean graft length was 7.2 cm (range: 4.5-18cm). The mean follow-up period was 36 months (range 27-48). Overall success rate was 88.9% (40/45). Four patients developed stricture Recurrence. Two of them had annular short bulbar stricture for which direct vision internal urethrotomy was performed and the other two cases needed redo urethroplasty. One patient had dehiscence of glans penis after repair of pan urethral stricture and repair was required. This case and the previous four cases were considered failures (11.1%). The most common complication was urinary tract infection (24.4%). All patients returned to normal diet within 48 hours without oral complications. Conclusion: Meticulous repair of anterior urethral strictures using dorsal onlay buccal graft is technically easy with high success rate. Buccal graft harvesting is simple and easy procedure.

Predicting successful sperm retrieval is essential in counseling infertile men with Azoospermia.Objectives: To assess the predictors of successful sperm extraction in men with nonobstructive Azoospermia.Patients and Methods: A retrospective study included all patients with nonobstructive Azoospermia from January 2018 to May 2019. Subdivided into two groups, group I (negative sperm retrieval) and group II (positive sperm retrieval).Results: A total of 108 patients with a mean age of 36.8 ± 10 years were included.The rate of successful sperm retrieval was 47.2%. Group I included 57 patients (52.8%) with a mean age of 33.98 ± 6.18, and group II included 51 patients (47.2%) with a mean age of 40.04 ± 12.22 (p = 0.008). Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were significantly higher in group I (18.55 ± 13 vs. 7.97 ± 7.11; p < 0.004).Similarly, in group I, luteinizing hormone was significantly higher (11.4 ± 7.45 vs. 5.9 ± 4.4; p < 0.001). Age and FSH were the independent predictors of successful micro-TESE. Additionally, successful pregnancies were 13.7% of patients, 28.6% of which gave rise to living birth. Conclusion:Patients' age and serum FSH are independent predictors of successful sperm retrieval for infertile men with nonobstructive Azoospermia; young patients with high FSH levels could have little chance of sperm retrieval.

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