This study was conducted in Date Palm Technology Company Limited, Shambat, Khartoum State. To evaluate performance of three types of evaporative cooling pads for greenhouses (celdek pads, straw pads and sliced wood pads), as compared to the conditions outside the greenhouses (control), for pads. Performance evaluation includes environmental parameters (temperature and relative humidity at 8 am, 1 pm and 6 pm) and crop parameters (length and stem diameter, leaves number and width, fruit length and diameter, fruit weight and dry matter and yield). The results obtained for the temperature at 8 am showed that there was no significant difference (0.05) inside the greenhouses, while a high significant difference between the conditions inside and outside of the greenhouses was found. Significant differences were found at 1 pm and 6 pm between all treatments as compared to the conditions outside the greenhouses, and the results obtained for relative humidity showed high significant differences at 8 am and 1 pm inside the greenhouses and between inside and outside the greenhouse, respectively, while there was no significant difference at 6 pm inside the greenhouses and between inside and outside the greenhouses. On the other hand, the results obtained for crop parameters showed that there were significant differences between all parameters inside the greenhouses and outside the greenhouses; however, the greenhouses with sliced wood pads gave the highest yield and the greenhouses with straw pads gave the least and conditions outside gave the lowest. This study indicated that the sliced wood pads are better than the other evaporative cooling pads.
The present study aimed to evaluate some of side effects of methotrexate adminstration (MTX) in the treatment of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis. Thirty Wistar male rats weighing 180-200 g were divided in 3 groups and arthritis was induced in them by using Complete Freund's Adjuvant, except in group I. In group II after the induction of arthritis no treatment was given. Group III received methotrexate as an anti-inflammatory medicine. After RA induction, all the animals received CFA near the site of tibio-tarsal joint subcutaneously. The clinical features of the adjuvant induced arthritis like difficulty in movement and edema in joint appeared 3 days after inoculation of adjuvant. The onset of inflammation was explosive occurring 13-15 days post inoculation with a peak onset at day15. The rats in group III received treatment with MTX subcutaneously from day 15 to day 30. At the end of experiment, blood collection was done for liver, kidney functions and heamatological observations. The present study demonstrated significant elevation in liver functions (ALT and AST) compared with normal control rats on the other hand there was increase in kidney functions but not significant. In contrast there was depletion in RBCs cont and Hb level.
The therapeutic application of scorpion venom (SV), has been used in traditional medicine. SV contains a variety of peptides that can treat variety of diseases, such as arthritis, rheumatism, pain, cancerous tumors, and skin diseases. Methotrexate (MTX) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by reducing hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body. MTX is used to treat moderate to severe osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, or ankylosing spondylitis. MTX is also used to treat shoulder pain caused by bursitis or tendinitis. Histological observations showed that diseased groups have edematous, thickened, and hyperplastic synovium membrane with reduction in joint space and empty lacunae appeared. On the other hand, scorpion venom high dose and Methotrexate caused reduction in size of synovium and regression of its inflammatory cell infiltrate with lacunae occupied appeared.
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