Introduction:Inguinal hernia is the most commonly hernia in both men and women but occurs more common in men. Although there are two basic types of inguinal hernia with differences in anatomy, the etiology, complications, and surgical repair technique of both are very similar. The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with inguinal hernia who underwent either elective or emergency surgical hernia repair at Al-Basra Teaching Hospital. Methods: This was a prospective clinical study involving patients with inguinal hernia admitted to Al-Basra Teaching Hospital from February 2017to November 2019. Patient's demographic data, smoking habit, body mass index, history of chronic diseases, family history of inguinal hernia, and post-operative complications were evaluated. The patients were divided into seven groups according to age. All data were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 250 patients age 16 to 82 years were included (men, 88.4%, women, 11.6%) in this study. Most of the patients were above the age of 40, nearly half of the patients were smokers and had a positive family history of inguinal hernia. Most patients had normal body weight, and 12% of patients developed postoperative complications. Conclusion: We concluded that a large proportion of patients with inguinal hernia were men and they underwent elective hernia repair. All of patients with recurrent hernia were found to be smokers. Patient who underwent elective hernia repair had minimal postoperative complications with short hospitalization.
The present study aimed to evaluate some of side effects of methotrexate adminstration (MTX) in the treatment of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis. Thirty Wistar male rats weighing 180-200 g were divided in 3 groups and arthritis was induced in them by using Complete Freund's Adjuvant, except in group I. In group II after the induction of arthritis no treatment was given. Group III received methotrexate as an anti-inflammatory medicine. After RA induction, all the animals received CFA near the site of tibio-tarsal joint subcutaneously. The clinical features of the adjuvant induced arthritis like difficulty in movement and edema in joint appeared 3 days after inoculation of adjuvant. The onset of inflammation was explosive occurring 13-15 days post inoculation with a peak onset at day15. The rats in group III received treatment with MTX subcutaneously from day 15 to day 30. At the end of experiment, blood collection was done for liver, kidney functions and heamatological observations. The present study demonstrated significant elevation in liver functions (ALT and AST) compared with normal control rats on the other hand there was increase in kidney functions but not significant. In contrast there was depletion in RBCs cont and Hb level.
The complete blood picture or count (CBC) and different hematological measurments are widely used in the assessment of many health problems such as cancer prognosis and progression. The roots of Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii (TW) is well-defined in Chinese alternative medicine since it is rich in a lot of beneficial components such as terpenoids, alkaloids and steroids. The intratumoral treatment with TW ethanolic and aqueous extracts individually and mix of them at a dose (16 mg/ kg) in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice had ameliorated the different hematological parameters such as red blood cell count (RBCs), hemoglobin concentration, white blood cells (WBCs) count and differential, as well as platelet count near normal values. Treatment with cisplatin (2mg/kg) revealed many undesired hematological side effects like anemia, leukopenia and neutrophilia. Moreover, recently used inflamatory markers as prospective diagnostic parameters for cancer prognosis like monocyte lyphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were decreased significantly after treatment with TW extracts. In conclusion, treatment of EAC bearing mice with different extracts of TW could have anticancer activity regarding their remarked effect in improvement of distorted hematological parameters of the EAC bearing mice.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a huge public health problem in children all over the world. Autism is characterized by impairments in communication and social interaction, limited interests in activities, repetitive behaviors, and a diminished ability to perform in school, the workplace, and other aspects of life. In recent years, the estimated prevalence of autism spectrum diseases has risen considerably. The condition necessitates long-term therapy and is typically regarded as incurable. Pharmacological intervention, which includes psychiatric medicines to treat behavioral issues, is accompanied by considerable side effects. Behavioral therapy, education, and nutritional therapies are the basis of traditional management. It has been reported that using natural compounds along with pharmacological medications has a positive effect in treating ASD youngsters, as well as diminishing the adverse effects of chemical medications. Unfortunately, data on the efficacy of natural remedies in ASD are scarce. The current review seeks to investigate studies of using natural remedies in ASD.
The therapeutic application of scorpion venom (SV), has been used in traditional medicine. SV contains a variety of peptides that can treat variety of diseases, such as arthritis, rheumatism, pain, cancerous tumors, and skin diseases. Methotrexate (MTX) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by reducing hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body. MTX is used to treat moderate to severe osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, or ankylosing spondylitis. MTX is also used to treat shoulder pain caused by bursitis or tendinitis. Histological observations showed that diseased groups have edematous, thickened, and hyperplastic synovium membrane with reduction in joint space and empty lacunae appeared. On the other hand, scorpion venom high dose and Methotrexate caused reduction in size of synovium and regression of its inflammatory cell infiltrate with lacunae occupied appeared.
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