Gluten-related disorders (GRDs) are common chronic enteropathies and increasing evidence suggests an involvement of the gut microbiota. We examined the gut microbiota in Mexican people afflicted with GRDs. Ultra-high-throughput 16S marker sequencing was used to deeply describe the duodenal and fecal microbiota of patients with celiac disease (CD, n = 6), non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS, n = 12), and healthy subjects (n = 12) from our local area. Additionally, we also investigated the changes in gut microbiota after four weeks on a gluten-free diet (GFD) in a subset of patients from whom paired samples were available. Despite a high inter-individual variability, significant differences in various microbial populations were identified. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) method revealed that the genus Actinobacillus and the family Ruminococcaceae were higher in the duodenal and fecal microbiota of NCGS patients, respectively, while Novispirillum was higher in the duodenum of CD patients (p < 0.05, LDA score > 3.5). Interestingly, paired samples from NCGS patients showed a significant difference in duodenal Pseudomonas between the baseline period (median: 1.3%; min/max: 0.47–6.8%) and the period after four weeks on GFD (14.8%; 2.3–38.5%, p < 0.01, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). These results encourage more research on GRDs in México.
Background
The follow-up of recovered COVID-19 patients is still limited. We aimed to evaluate the changes in quality-of-life (QOL) and spirometric alterations in the convalescent phase of 115 patients with at least 30 days post-COVID-19.
Methods
We included patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, available past medical records and at least 30 days after the onset of symptoms. All patients were asked to rate their general health condition before and after COVID-19 using the EQ-5D-5L standardized questionary and perform a spirometry at evaluation.
Results
In this study, that included 70%(81/115) of patients with mild or moderate COVID-19; there was a severe decrease in QOL up to 56%(64/115). Alterations in usual activities and anxiety/depression were present in 59% of patients with a severe decrease in QOL. The persistence of symptoms was present in 63%(72/115). Restrictive lung impairment was the most common spirometric alteration in 17%(20/115), of whom 65%(13/20) had mild COVID-19.
Conclusions
Spirometric alterations are presented even in mild COVID-19, and more remarkably, there is a high rate of alterations in quality of life after the recovery of this disease.
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