First Insights into the Gut Microbiota of Mexican Patients with Celiac Disease and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity

Abstract

Gluten-related disorders (GRDs) are common chronic enteropathies and increasing evidence suggests an involvement of the gut microbiota. We examined the gut microbiota in Mexican people afflicted with GRDs. Ultra-high-throughput 16S marker sequencing was used to deeply describe the duodenal and fecal microbiota of patients with celiac disease (CD, n = 6), non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS, n = 12), and healthy subjects (n = 12) from our local area. Additionally, we also investigated the changes in gut microbiota after four weeks on a gluten-free diet (GFD) in a subset of patients from whom paired samples were available. Despite a high inter-individual variability, significant differences in various microbial populations were identified. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) method revealed that the genus Actinobacillus and the family Ruminococcaceae were higher in the duodenal and fecal microbiota of NCGS patients, respectively, while Novispirillum was higher in the duodenum of CD patients (p < 0.05, LDA score > 3.5). Interestingly, paired samples from NCGS patients showed a significant difference in duodenal Pseudomonas between the baseline period (median: 1.3%; min/max: 0.47–6.8%) and the period after four weeks on GFD (14.8%; 2.3–38.5%, p < 0.01, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). These results encourage more research on GRDs in México.

Self-Reported Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity in Brazil: Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of Italian Questionnaire

“…A study conducted in the Netherlands [14] reported that the most frequent intestinal symptoms in NCGS were bloating (almost 80%) and abdominal discomfort (more than 50%), which is similar to the study conducted in Mexico [21], in which the most frequent intestinal symptoms were bloating (81%) and abdominal discomfort (42%). The Mexican study showed that these symptoms were mitigated by following a GFD for four weeks (bloating: 25%; abdominal discomfort: 14%) in NCGS patients (N = 12) [21].…”

“…Researchers have been attempting to characterize the NCGS rates in different countries [2,8,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. In Latin America, there are few data about the prevalence or characterization of NCGS [15,19,20,21,22].…”

Effect of Gluten-Free Diet on Gut Microbiota Composition in Patients with Celiac Disease and Non-Celiac Gluten/Wheat Sensitivity

“…Mazcorro et al [ 131 ] assessed the gut microbiota of Mexican patients affected by CD ( n = 6), NCG/WS ( n = 12) and healthy subjects ( n = 12). Both the duodenal and the fecal microbiota of patients and controls were analyzed by ultra-high-throughput 16S rRNA gene marker sequencing.…”

Role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease and potential therapeutic implications

“…The data characterizing the gut microbiota in coeliac disease patients was derived from both fecal samples and duodenal mucosa biopsies in studies done mostly in children with coeliac disease [64,[70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81] with fewer studies being done in adults [78,[82][83][84][85]. These studies showed differences in the microbial composition of fecal and duodenal samples in children and adults when comparing active coeliac disease with patients with treated coeliac disease, or healthy controls [86].…”