Many regions around the world have limited access to clean water and power. Low-grade thermal energy in the form of industrial waste heat or non-concentrating solar thermal energy is an underutilized resource and can be used for water desalination and power generation. This paper experimentally and theoretically examines a thermoelectric-based simultaneous power generation and desalination system that can utilize low-grade thermal energy. The paper presents concept design and the theoretical analysis of the proposed system followed by experimental analysis and comparison with the theoretical estimations. Experiments were carried out at three heat loads 50, 100 and 150 W to achieve varying temperature gradients across thermoelectric generators. During the experiments, thermoelectric generators were maintained at a hot to cold side temperature difference between 20 to 60 °C. The experiments showed that the power generation flux and freshwater mass flux increased with the increase in the thermal energy source temperature. The power flux varied between 12 to 117 W/m2 of thermoelectric generator area, while freshwater mass flux varied between 4.8 to 23.7 kg/m2⋅h. The specific thermal energy consumption varied between 3.6 to 5.7 MJ/kg of freshwater; this is comparable to the single-stage conventional distillation system.
Nowadays, Airfoil shape optimization are developed by many researchers. Especially, evolutionary method is taken to find out the shape of airfoil. The main objective work is finding the shape of airfoil that get the aerodynamic properties which good for lift and drag of the aircraft wing. PSO is the evolutionary method that used for this work. The work are combination between the CFD analysis as Reynolds number 550,000 and optimization technique to get the airfoil shape that maximum lift to drag ratio. The result is compared with the standard NACA 2412 airfoil. The optimization airfoil has improved lift to drag ratio compared to the standard NACA 2412 airfoil for 53.22%. Airfoil shape optimization Airfoil shape profile. The airfoil profile can be generated by setting the point variables and make it continuously by using the spline interpolation. The NACA2412 airfoil shape is created by using the seven points as shown in the Fig. 1. The four points at the lower and upper part of airfoil are assigned as the seven of design variables. The leading and tailing edge are fixed in the same y direction that equal to zero and x direction are assigned equal one and zero, respectively. The spline interpolation is
In the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system, the temperature polarization due to boundary layer formation limits the system performance. This study presents the experimental results and heat transfer analysis of a DCMD module coupled with a salinity gradient solar pond (SGSP) under three different flow channel configurations. In the first case, the feed and permeate channels were both empty, while in the next two cases, the feed and permeate channels were filled with a porous spacer material. Two different spacer geometries are examined: 1.5 mm thick with a filament angle of 65°, and 2 mm thick with a filament angle of 90°. The study considers only the heat transfer due to conduction by replacing the hydrophobic membrane normally used in a DCMD module with a thin polypropylene sheet so that no mass transfer can occur between the feed and permeate channels. The Reynolds number for all three configurations was found to be between 1000 and 2000, indicating the flow regime was laminar. The flow rate through both the feed and permeate sides was the same, and experiments were conducted for flow rates of 5 L/min and 3 L/min. It has been found that the highest overall heat transfer coefficient was obtained with the spacer of 2 mm thickness and filament angle of 90°.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.