An investigation of Serjania salzmanniana for biologically active substances has led to the isolation of two novel saponins, salzmannianoside A (3-O-[[beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L- arabinopyranosyl] gypsogenin) [3] and salzmannianoside B (3-O-[[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-[alpha-L- arabinopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)] -alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl] hederagenin) (4). Two known saponins, pulsatilla saponin D (3-O-[[beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L- arabinopyranosyl] hederagenin) (1) and 3-O-[[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-a lpha-L- arabinopyranosyl] oleanolic acid (2) were also isolated from this plant. The structures of 3 and 4 were elucidated by FABMS and 2D NMR techniques. All these four saponins were mollusicidal, causing 70-100% mortality at 10 ppm against Biomphalaria alexandrina, a vector of Schistosoma mansoni in the Nile Valley. The saponins also showed antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans at minimal inhibitory concentrations of 8 and 16 micrograms/mL, respectively.
Vacciniin [4] (6-O-benzoyl-D-glucopyranoside) and two new benzenoid glucosides, homaloside A [1] (1''-O-benzyl-3''-O-benzoyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1'''-->4'')- beta-D-glucopyranoside) and homaloside D [2] [1-(1'-hydroxy-6'-oxocyclohex-2'-ene-carboxymethyl)- 5-hydroxyphenyl-6''-O-benzoyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside], were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction of Homalium ceylanicum (Flacourtiaceae). A novel cyclohexenone carboxylic acid ester, 1-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohex-2-enoic acid methyl ester [3], was also isolated from this fraction. The structures were elucidated by chemical and nmr (COLOC, FLOCK, and selective INEPT) techniques.
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