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A survey of Hymenoptera parasitoids fauna was made in a transect of Eucalyptus/native vegetation/Eucalyptus in Ipaba, state of Minas Minas Gerais, Brazil from March 1997 to March 1998 with Malaise traps. Individuals of nine superfamilies were collected (Ceraphronoidea, Chalcidoidea, Chrysidoidea, Cynipoidea, Evanioidea, Ichneumonoidea, Proctotrupoidea, Platygastroidea and Vespoidea) which belong to 26 families of this order.
A composição e a frequência da fauna de himenópteros parasitóides foi estudada em reflorestamento de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex. Maiden e mata nativa, empregando-se 11 armadilhas Malaise em um transecto eucalipto-mata nativa de março de 1997 a março de 1998. Foram coletados 2.099 indivíduos de nove superfamílias e 26 famílias desse grupo. As famílias mais abundantes foram Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Scelionidae e Eulophidae com 577, 452, 374 e 185 indivíduos respectivamente. O número de parasitóides foi maior nas proximidades e bordas da vegetação nativa, o que demonstra que fragmentos de vegetação nativa, intercalados com plantios de eucalipto, podem ser recomendados como estratégia de manejo de pragas.Palavras-chave: inimigos naturais, eucalipto, mata nativa, diversidade de espécies. ABSTRACTComposition and frequency of hymenopteran parasitoids were studied in an Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex. Maiden plantation and in a native vegetation area with 11 Malaise traps in a transect native vegetation-eucalyptus plantation from March 1997 to March 1998. A total of 2,099 individuals of nine superfamilies and 26 families of this group was collected. The family with the highest number of individuals was Ichneumonidae followed by Braconidae, Scelionidae and Eulophidae with 577, 452, 374 and 185 individuals. Higher number of parasitoids was collected in the vicinity and borders of the native vegetation what demonstrates that fragments of native vegetation intermingled with eucalyptus plantations can be recommended as a strategy for pest management in these plantations.
The understory in forest plantations can increase richness and diversity of natural enemies due to greater plant species richness. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the presence of the understory and climatic season in the region (wet or dry) can increase the richness and abundance of Hymenoptera parasitoids in Eucalyptus plantations, in the municipality of Belo Oriente, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. In each eucalyptus cultivation (five areas of cultivation) ten Malaise traps were installed, five with the understory and five without it. A total of 9,639 individuals from 30 families of the Hymenoptera parasitoids were collected, with Mymaridae, Scelionidae, Encyrtidae and Braconidae being the most collected ones with 4,934, 1,212, 619 and 612 individuals, respectively. The eucalyptus stands with and without the understory showed percentage of individuals 45.65% and 54.35% collected, respectively. The understory did not represent a positive effect on the overall abundance of the individuals Hymenoptera in the E. grandis stands, but rather exerted a positive effect on the specific families of the parasitoids of this order.
O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a durabilidade natural de dez espécies florestais da Amazônia em dois ambientes de deterioração. As espécies estudadas foram a Trattinnickia burserifolia Burseraceae (amescla), Mezilaurus itauba (itaúba), Hymenaea courbaril (jatobá), Nectandra cissiflora (canela), Hymenolobium petraeum (angelim pedra), Erisma uncinatum (cedrinho), Bowdichia virgilioides (sucupira), Apuleia leiocarpa (garapeira), Dipteryx odorata (cumaru) e Qualea albiflora (cambará). Os ambientes avaliados foram campo aberto e mata. As amostras das madeiras foram confeccionadas com dimensões de 5 x 5 x 40 cm e submetidas em ensaio de deterioração durante 660 dias. Em campo foi realizado o teste de quebra e a coleta dos cupins presentes nas madeiras. Após 660 dias as amostras foram encaminhadas ao laboratório para avaliação do índice de sanidade. As madeiras de amescla, angelim pedra, cambara e cedro foram as mais deterioradas pelos cupins. Foram observados quatro gêneros de cupins nas madeiras avaliadas: Heterotermes sp., Coptotermes sp., Dolichorhinotermes sp. e Armitermes sp. A madeira itaúba apresentou maior durabilidade natural em todos os testes. O ambiente onde ocorreu a maior perda de resistência das espécies foi a mata.Palavras-chave: térmitas; ensaio de campo; resistência; teste de quebra. NATURAL DURABILITY OF TEN AMAZON WOODS UNDER FIELD CONDICTIONS ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to evaluate the natural durability of ten Amazonian forest species in two environments of deterioration. The species studied were Trattinnickia burserifolia (amescla), Mezilaurus itauba (itaúba), Hymenaea courbaril (jatobá), Nectandra cissiflora (canela), Hymenolobium petreum (angelimpedra), Erisma uncinatum (cedrinho), Bowdichia virgilioides (sucupira), Apuleia leiocarpa (garapeira), Dipteryx odorata (cumaru) e Qualea albiflora (cambara). The environments were an open field and a forest. The wood samples were made with dimensions of 5 x 5 x 40 cm and submitted to a deterioration test for 660 days. In the field was realized breaking test and collection of the termites present in the woods. After 660 days the samples were sent to the laboratory to evaluate the sanity index. Amescla, angelim pedra, cambara and cedro woods showed more preference about termite attack. Four genres of termites were observed in the woods evaluated: Heterotermes sp., Coptotermes sp., Dolichorhinotermes sp. and Armitermes sp. Itaúba wood presented greater natural durability in all tests. The environment of deterioration that most influenced the loss of resistance of the species was the forest.Keywords: termite; field test; resistance; break test.
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