No abstract

A permanent manned settlement on the Martian surface requires the use of advanced technology concepts in order to become technically and financially feasible. The former developed Mars Base 10 concept incorporates novel ideas, increasing the feasibility of a continous human base on Mars. The most advanced feature of the MB10 design is the concept of increasing the habitable space of the Mars base once landed with an inflatable torus like structure. This paper gives an overview on the MB10 design and has its primary focus on the deployment of the inflatable structure. The deployment simulations show the final inflated shape of the MB10 concept on Mars from an un-inflated initial shape on Earth. The deployment strategy, simulations and rigidization techniques are discussed to provide a conceptual solution for large inflatable components of the MB10 habitat. Further applications of secondary inflatable smart structures are presented as well. These secondary structures are self deploying at the Martian ambient pressure which results in low storage volume and mass. These structures are well-suited to carry on for astronauts on EVAs for example. NomenclatureEDL = Entry Descent Landing EVA = Extra Vehicular Activity EVOH = Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol FEM = Finite Element Method IMOD = Inflatable Module (Thales Study) ISRU = In Situ Resource Utilisation LEO = Low Earth Orbit LMO = Low Mars Orbit MB10 = Mars Base 10 NASA ARC = NASA Ames Research Center PA-NYLON = Polyamide PE = Polyethylene PVDC = Polyvinylidene Chloride PU = Polyurethane SAM = Self-inflating Adaptive Membrane SMP = Shape Memory Polymer TRL = Technology Readiness Level UV = Ultraviolet

The concept of a Lunar Base for a crew of 10 (LB10), with an astronomical telescope is presented in this paper. The focus is on the architectural solutions for a lunar habitat with an astronomical observatory as well as site selection for the location and deployment of the settlement. LB10 is a base designated for scientific research but also commercial utilization of permanent human presence on the Moon. The architecture of the LB10 is driven by minimum mass of the structure components transported from the Earth and maximum safety during construction and use of the base. A number of robotic and deployable structures are used to achieve this goal. The base architecture is based on utilization of inflatable, rigid and regolith structures for different purposes. The inflatable, fragile, inner part of the base holds the human's biosphere while the exterior regolith shell provides solid shield against radiation and micrometeoroids. The architecture exterior thus resembles terrestrial fortification design to endure object impact, while the interior provides comfortable and safe living in the sphere. The observatory in the vicinity of the base is also a self-deployable structure which uses liquid mirror technology and is located on the North Pole of the Moon 4 km from the base. Nomenclature ECLSS= Environmental Control and Life Support System EVA = Extra Vehicular Activity LB10 = Lunar Base for 10 astronauts LB10T = LB10 Telescope LEO = Low Earth Orbit LLO = Low Lunar Orbit LLMT = Lunar Liquid Mirror Telescope HSF = Human Space Flight ISRU = In Situ Resource Utilization ISU = International Space University IR = Infra Red JWST = James Web Space Telescope NASTRAN = NASA Structure Analysis

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

This article presents an experience-based research effort on humansystems integration (HSI) verification principles for commercial space transportation (CST). CST HSI safety, efficiency, and comfort are analyzed with respect to four critical areas: (1) design and layout of displays and controls (we assume that displays and controls are computer based), (2) mission planning, (3) restraint and stowage, and (4) human factors in vehicle operations. HSI is analyzed using most recent approaches in human-centered design, which integrates technology, organization, and people from the very beginning of the design process and all along the life cycle of systems, including manufacturing, delivery, training, operations, and dismantling. CST HSI verification principles for the four critical areas are provided in the form of recommendations structured along with the five concepts of the AUTOS pyramid.

No abstract