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Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is a mixture of desiccated mycobacterium in mannide monooleate and paraffin oil that causes tissue death, lesions, and inflammation. Immunologists have been inducing inflammatory conditions and autoimmune diseases in laboratory animals using CFA for more than 50 years. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease marked by ongoing inflammation that affects more than just joints. Twenty male rats were divided into two groups (10 each), Normal control group: Rats were given no medication. CFA-induced arthritis group: Rats were injected with Complete Freund's adjuvant (0.1 ml, once). After 60 days blood samples and Stifle joints were collected for biochemical assay and genetic study of some signaling transducers including IFNγ, Interleukin-4, STAT3 and Interleukin-12. The results revealed that CFA induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats causing an increase in serum liver enzymes and serum concentration of creatinine, urea, FBS, RF, Anti-CCP and CRP, while decreasing in serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentration. Moreover, there was up regulation of IL-12, IFNγ and STAT3 gene, and down regulation of IL-4 gene in CFA-induced arthritis group contrasted with the control group. On conclusion, CFA injection into leg footpad of rats induced arthritic animal model associated with similar inflammatory changes recorded in RA patients IFNγ IL-12 IL-4 Rheumatoid arthritis STAT3

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the biochemical effect of probiotics treatment on Thioacetamide (TAA) induced liver fibrosis in rats. Thirty white male Sprague Dewily rats of 8-10 weeks old and Weighing 150 to 200 g were used in the experiment. Rats were randomly divided in to 2 main groups, 1st group acts as normal control, 2nd group was injected with TAA intraperitoneally (200mg/kg b.wt) twice a week for 6 weeks for the induction of liver fibrosis, after that the 2 nd group was subdivided into 2 subgroups1 st subgroup received no drugs and served as positive control, 2 nd subgroup was treated with a daily dose of probiotics (0.0128×10 9 bacteria per gram of rat body weight) which is equivalent to (135mg/kgb.wt) orally for 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected twice after 3 and 6 weeks of probiotics treatment for biochemical examination, then rats were decapitated and liver specimens were collected for histopathological examination. Intraperitoneal supplementation of TAA caused increase in serum level of AST, ALT, Tbil, Dbil and pro-inflammatory cytokines as TNFα and IL6, decrease in serum level of Albumin and total protein. Furthermore, histopathological examination revealed extensive degeneration, inflammatory infiltration and nodulation of the liver. Probiotics treatment revealed decrease in serum level of ALT, AST, Tbil, Dbil and pro-inflammatory cytokines as TNFα and IL6, decrease in serum level of Albumin and Total protein. Moreover, histopathological examination revealed mild inflammation and less nodulation of the hepatic parenchyma.

Toxoplasma gondii is a blood parasite of felids with a wide range of intermediate hosts including humans. The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of acute toxoplasmosis on liver, kidney functions and fertility hormones of infected rats, also the effect of Lincocin and green tea oil and their combination on improving the side effects of acute infection. A total number of 40 pathogen and Toxoplasma-free Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups as follows: Group (1) non infected non treated; Group (2) infected non treated, Group (3) infected and treated with Lincocin; Group (4) and infected and treated Lincocin and the addition of green tea. The recorded data revealed a significant elevation in levels of ALT, AST, T. Bilirubin, urea and creatinine and a significant decrease of the levels of albumin, progesterone, and testosterone in infected non-treated rats when compared with those of the non-infected group, while cortisol level was not affected. It could be concluded that T. gondii could affect liver and kidney functions and adversely affect major reproductive hormones. Therefore, it is recommended for the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and fertility centers to investigate T. gondii infection in the serum of infertile men as a routine test and treat the positive cases. Treatments with Lincocin plus green tea could be the drug of choice to avoid side effects of acute toxoplasmosis.

This study evaluated the protective effect of Sukkari date extract on Streptozotocin(STZ)induced diabetes in rats. Forty male albino rats were divided into 2 main groups: Group I (Control group, n=10): received no drugs and served as control. Group II (Diabetic group, n=30):received a single dose of STZ (50mg/kg b.wti.p.) for induction of diabetes, and 48hoursafterdiabetes induction,the rats were divided into 3 equal subgroups. Subgroup (a): Diabetic non-treated rats.Subgroup (b): Diabetic aqueous sukkari date extract-treated rats.Subgroup (c): DiabeticAmaryl-treated rats. Treatment with sukkari date extract(10 ml/rat/day) and Amaryl(1ml/rat/day) were given orally and daily for 60 days. Blood samples and liver tissues were collected from all animals once after 60 days of treatment for determination of serum glucose, lipids profile, insulin,L-malondialdehyde (L-MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) inaddition to paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene expression level in liver tissue. The obtained results showed a significant increase in serum glucose, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), L-MDA and 8-OHdG levels with marked decrease in serum insulin, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) and SOD activity in addition to significant down-regulation of PON1 gene expression level in liver in STZ-induced diabetic rats.On the other hand, treatments of diabetic rats with aqueous sukkari date extract or amaryl exhibited a significant ameliorative effect on all previous biomarkers and approximately reach to normal levels. This study suggest the ameliorativerole of aqueous sukkari date extract in diabetes and its protective effect may be mediated through reduction in oxidative stress, the promising hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity.

A B S T R A C TIn the present study, the effect of Complete Freund`s adjuvant -induced rheumatoid arthritis on serum Glucose, Nitric Oxide, Cortisol, Lactic acid, Pyruvic acid, Pantothenic acid, Pentosidine, Na/K ATPase, Interleukin 8 and Sialic acid in rats have been evaluated. Forty female albino rats were divided into two equal groups (20 each). Group Ι (Control group): received no drugs. Group II: (Rheumatoid Arthritis group) injected subcutaneously with Complete Freund`s adjuvant at a dose of (0.1 mg /kg body weight dissolved in 1 ml saline) for rheumatoid arthritis induction. Blood samples were collected from all groups after 2 and 4 weeks from injection. The obtained results showed that there is the experimental arthritis accompanied with significant increases in serum Glucose, Nitric oxide, Cortisol, Lactic acid, Pentosidine, Interleukin 8 and Sialic acid levels. On the other hands, pyruvic acid level, Na/k ATPase activity and pantothenic acid levels were significantly decreased. (http://www.bvmj.bu.edu.eg) (BVMJ-29(2): 92-99, 2015)