Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is an environmentally and economically important tree and is among the most difficult to propagate fruit species. In this study, efforts were made to propagate the plant by using three different methods; seeds germination, cuttings and micropropagation. Seeds and cuttings were scarified and disinfected under aseptic conditions to improve the germination percentage and the percentage of success of cuttings in April and September through two successive seasons (2011 and 2012). Results showed that the highest values of seed germination percentage, the fastest germination, the greatest plant length, number of leaves/plant, root length and dry weight were obtained by soaking seeds in 60% H 2 SO 4 in April and September through the two seasons, but there was no significant difference between the first and the second date in both studied seasons for most of the studied parameters. April was found the best time for propagation of Carob by cuttings, for all treatments. Besides, carob cuttings treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 8000 mg/l + βnaphthalene acetic acid)NAA(at 200 mg/l gave the highest values of parameters (shoot length, no. of lateral shoot, no. of leaves/plant, root length, no. of roots/plant and root dry weight) followed by IBA at 6000 mg/l + NAA at 200 mg/l, in both seasons. While, all cuttings failed to root for all treatments in September, except when they were treated with IBA at 6000 mg/l + NAA at 200 mg/l and IBA at 8000 mg/l + NAA at 200 mg/l, in the two studied seasons. Micropropagation of carob was developed by using shoot tips and stem node segments, of ex vitro grown seedlings, as explants. Hundred % of growth induction was obtained, for both explants, with the highest number of shoots on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.4 mg/l NAA + 2 mg/l 6benzylaminopurine (BAP). Shoots were best multiplied on MS medium containing BAP (1.0 mg/l), while the media containing N6-(2-isopentenyl) adenine (2iP) gave the highest lengths of shoots (2iP at 1.0 mg/l). For further elongation and multiplication of shoots, the combination of both BAP and 2iP gave promising results at concentrations of 0.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l 2iP or 1.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l 2iP. Attempts to achieve rooting were unsuccessful, since only shoot development was observed.
This study was carried out in Wadi EL-Technologia in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, during 2010 and 2011 seasons. Washington Navel (N.O.), Valencia (V.O.) and Baladi orange (B.O.) trees budded on Sour orange (S.O.) and Volkamer lemon (V.L.) were grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation system from a well has salinty of (1100 ppm).This investigation aimed to study the effect of the two citrus rootstocks on vegetative growth, yield, fruit quality, leaf mineral content of the three studied scions as well as the effect of such scions on root system growth of both rootstocks. The obtained results indicated that, Volkamer lemon rootstock recorded the highest significant values of vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality except T.S.S% and ascorbic acid content. Sour orange rootstock gave the highest significant effect on values of leaf mineral content (N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu) however V.L. showed the highest significant value. while, Ca leaf content recorded insignificantly difference between both rootstocks. Leaf Mn, content was significantly the highest with S.O. in both seasons. Root fresh and dry weight were the highest significantly with V.L. rootstock. From the showed result, one can recorded that V.O. scion significantly increased the vigour of V.L. root fresh and dry weight. While, B.O. scion showed significantly the lowest vigoure of V.L. root fresh and dry weight. On the other hand, N.O. scion gave a midiate result between V.O. and B.O. scions on root fresh and dry weight.
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