Hyperthermia (HT) is a rapid cancer therapy inducing cellular apoptosis by increasing the local temperature of cancerous tissues between 40 and 44°C. 1 The tumors are highly susceptible to this thermal range at which cancerous cells are destroyed, while the normal cells undergo no significant damaging effects. HT is induced by using magnetic materials under an alternating magnetic field (AMF). Benefitting from some favorable characteristics of magnetic nanomaterials (MNPs), magnetic HT has drawn enormous attention and reduced the adverse side effects related to conventional treatments of several tumors such as prostate, glioblastoma, and metastatic bone cancer. 1 This method is usually combined with other therapeutic approaches like chemotherapy (drug delivery), photothermal therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and high-intensity focused ultrasound, which is critically discussed in this paper. 1 The exact process of HT is not yet fully understood since a variety of biological effects can simultaneously occur like heat-induced alteration of cells signaling pathways, DNA, and RNA alterations; expressions of heat-shock proteins; and many other biochemical changes, as well as the direct cytotoxic effect of heat. 2,3 Still, there is a theory which has been mostly accepted by scientists that the impaired vascularization of tumors, together with heat, leads to the lack of oxygen in the tumor environment. As a result, malignant cells escalate their anaerobic metabolism
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