Gastric carcinoma arises from aberrant growth of normal gastric mucosa. There is increasing evidence that claudins (CLDNs) may play a critical role in the significant steps of gastric tumorigenesis, from metaplasia to metastasis. The CLDN family which consists of at least 27 member proteins is known to mediate selective permeability in cellular tight junctions. It is now established that CLDNs are differentially altered in gastric cancer and CLDN proteins are believed to play different roles in the growth and progression of gastric cancer.

No abstract

The findings suggest that CLDN 12 expression could be clinically useful for predicting the survival of the ER-negative subgroup of patients with breast cancer.

No abstract

Ureteric stones are a common cause of obstruction of the urinary tract, usually presenting with characteristic signs and symptoms, such as acute ureteric colic and hematuria. Occasionally, stones may present with non-specific symptoms such as low back pain and remain unidentified, leading to stone growth, chronic ureteric obstruction and complications such as hydronephrosis and renal damage. Here, we report a large ureteric stone in a cadaver with complete obstruction at the left ureterovesical junction, resulting in severe dilatation of the left ureter and renal pelvis.

Using insect repellent compounds, especially during the warm months, provides comfort for people and prevents spreading of the insect-borne diseases such as dengue fever, malaria and Leishmaniasis. Poisons derived from plants contain alkaloids, glucoside and some essential oils that are taken from plant tissues. They may have repellent and insecticide properties with little toxicity to humans and animals. In this study, Neem plant 1 from Bandar Abbas city was used to assess its repellency effect. Therefore, after drying and powdering using maceration method, final Neem extract concentration of 5%, 10% and 20% was provided. Mittler & Dadd methodology was hired to assess this effect. In this method, the antifeedant effect of the Neem plant extract was evaluated on cabbage-feeding aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae). After 24 and 48 hours, the reduced numbers of feces spot of aphids showed that the ingestion of the provided food mixture contained Neem plant extract was significantly decreased. Here it was shown that the Neem plant extract could be used as an efficient repellent.

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive disorder that predominantly affects hearing, vision, and, in some cases, vestibular function. USH, according to the onset age, severity, and progression of symptoms, is categorized into four main types. In addition, there are a significant number of reports that patients’ manifestations deviate from canonical phenotypic criteria of main types of USH, which are named atypical USH. <i>CDH23</i> is the second most common USH gene in which its defects result in USH1D, non-syndromic autosomal recessive deafness-12 (DFNB12), and in a few cases, atypical USH1D. While some studies have suggested that missense and truncating damaging variants in the <i>CDH23</i> gene cause DFNB12 and USH1D, respectively, no genotype-phenotype correlation for atypical USH1D has been established. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Using whole-exome sequencing, we studied an Iranian family with two affected siblings who manifested congenital bilateral hearing loss, late-onset nyctalopia, retinitis pigmentosa, and normal vestibular function, indicating that their clinical symptoms are consistent with USH2. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Whole-exome data analysis revealed a novel bi-allelic nonsense variant (c.6562G&gt;T; p.Glu2188Ter) in the <i>CDH23</i> gene, which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Surprisingly, <i>CDH23</i> is a member of the USH1 genes; therefore, our patients suffered from atypical USH1D. Also, by conducting a literature review, we provided a clinical and mutational profile of all reported patients with atypical manifestations or those who refuted the claimed genotype-phenotype correlation. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> By reporting a novel damaging variant, we expand the mutational spectrum of the <i>CDH23</i> gene that leads to atypical USH1D. Also, reviewing the literature shows that, contrary to previous claims, different genotypes occur in the <i>CDH23</i> gene allelic disorders, and there is no clear-cut genotype-phenotype correlation.

No abstract