Objective: Trabecular bone score (TBS), an indirect evaluation of skeletal microarchitecture, is calculated from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This study aimed to determine the mean TBS values in healthy postmenopausal women and overall association between TBS and demographic features, bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and femoral neck, and BMD to body mass index (BMI) ratio of the lumbar spine. Methods: Fifty-three postmenopausal healthy women were enrolled. The BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by DXA. Anteroposterior lumbar spine acquisitions were used to calculate the TBS for L1 to L4. Results: The mean BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was 0.945 ± 0.133 and 0.785 ± 0.112 g/cm2, respectively. The mean TBS was 1.354 ± 0.107. There was a significant positive moderate correlation between TBS and total lumbar BMD to BMI ratio (r = 0.595, P < 0.001), and significant positive weak correlations between TBS and BMD of the lumbar spine (r = 0.347, P = 0.011) as well as between TBS and femoral neck (r = 0.305, P = 0.026), whereas significant negative moderate correlations were observed between TBS and age (r = −0.393, P = 0.004) as well as between TBS and BMI (r = −0.333, P = 0.015). Conclusions: TBS values of postmenopausal women were negatively correlated with age and BMI, and positively with BMD and BMD to BMI ratio.
The use of prohibited substances in the world of sport, in and out of competition, is a major global problem. A number of similar studies have been conducted in other parts of the world that investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of athletes about doping. The results of those studies cannot entirely be extrapolated to elite Turkish athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate elite athletes' current knowledge of appropriate drug use, doping and use of supplements, and to explore the need for further education on these topics. A total of 202 Turkish athletes participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. The data were collected through a questionnaire. A five-point Likert scale was used for questions. The most commonly used over-the-counter medications by athletes were painkillers (78.2%). A remarkable proportion of athletes considered painkillers (41.1%), protein powder (43.1%), and caffeine (41.1%) to be prohibited drugs. According to the athletes, physicians (84.6%) and coaches (78.6%) were the two most frequently used sources of information, and 87.6% of the athletes found the physician to be the most reliable source of information. Elite athletes have poor knowledge about doping in Turkey. There is an urgent need for educational anti-doping programmes to address the knowledge gaps observed amongst athletes in this study.
Object ve: Although the COVID-19 outbreak affected almost all the people globally, the number of studies investigating the effects on professional athletes are very low. Therefore, we aimed to examine anxiety levels, mental toughness and daily habits of professional and recreational athletes during the early phase of the pandemic and compare these with sedentary control objects.Mater als and Methods: 634 participants were evaluated in April 2020 with an online survey consisted of sociodemographic data, exercise habits and outbreak-related questions, along with Turkish versions of Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). 329 of the participants were professional athletes, 135 were recreational athletes and 170 were sedentary people.Results: Professional athletes (PROs) scored significantly higher (p<0.017) than recreatio-nal athletes (RECRs) and sedentary people (SEDs) on SMTQ and State-Anxiety Scores, but not on Trait-Anxiety Score (p˃0.05). Besides, there were no significant differences between RECRs and SEDs on any of the scores (p˃0.05). For SMTQ scores; activity level, gender and age are found to be significantly predictive. State-Anxiety scores were only significantly correlated with activity levels, whereas, gender and age were significantly correlated with the Trait-Anxiety scores (p<0.05). Conclus on:Being a high-level professional athlete is related to higher state anxiety levels during the COVID-19 outbreak. Even though professional athletes are mentally tougher, which will help them cope with high anxiety levels, they may need extra psychologic support as long as the pandemic and restrictions continue.
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